Pestle Analysis Of BMW Marketing Essay

revenue stamp Analysis Of BMW Marketing EssayThe company Bayerische Motoren Werke AG was established on 6th March 1916 in Munich, Bavaria, Ger some and has been publicly traded since 1969. The English name of this print is Bavarian Motor Works. Each of the companys products proudly displays the BMW emblem from 1917 and it represents the state change of Bavaria. The company micturates and commercialises cars and motorcycles and with BMW, the MINI marque, and is the p atomic number 18nt company of Rolls- Royce Motor Cars. The group industrious over 100 ,000 employees and have marketing subsidiaries present in 17 countries either over the human beings. Source? accord to the official website of BMW gathering the intact revenue for 2011 is 68.821 million, and Net Profit for 2011 is 4,907 million.PESTLE Analysis.To onlyeviate make decisions and to help for future events, corporations and organizations need to understand the wider meso sparing and large economic surround ingss in which they operate. harmonize to Gerry Johnson, Kevan Scholes and Richard Whittington (2005, p.65 68) the PESTLE Analysis categories milieual influences into sestet main types governmental, economic, kindly, technological, efficacious and environmental. The same authors go on to rationality how PESTLE factors might cloak on and drive change in general is only primary a starting point. Managers need to understand the key drivers of change and in like manner the differential nucleus of these outer influences and drivers on particular industries, markets and individual organizations. Ginter and Dun send word (1990) states that macro environmental analysis involvesScanning macro environments for warning signs and possible environmental changes that will affect the businessForecasting future precedeions of environmental changes supervise environments for precise trends and patternsAssessing current and future trends in terms of the effects such chages would have on the organization.Political FactorsThe political factor has a commodious influence on BMW and the spending power of consumers and other businesses. The worldwide production network of the BMW Group is the backbone for growth in the global market. According to the official website of the company thanks to the close cooperation between all of the plants, manufacturing takes intrust quickly and flexibly. Also the BMW Group has 17 production forces in six countries as China, Austria, UK, South Africa, etc. According to David Campbell, George Stonehouse and Bill Houston (1999, p. 108) the goverments have direct control or influence overEconomy policy most(prenominal) of the cases the governments set policy over the levels of taxation and expenditure in the inelegant. commandment and legislation this cover laws which have influence on the employment, consumer protection, contract and trading, tax, health and safety at work, monopolies and mergers, etc. The political factors th e European totality laws with the carbon copy emissions, produced by cars, have meant that BMW has had to recheck their cars and engines in order to adhere to European Union laws. Because of this BMW invested in greener technologies as tumesce as providing newbornfound technological advances and this has increase BMWs manufacturing costs. In order to heighten their greener image BMW company have fabricate the counterbalance passenger car running on hydrogen localise for common use. This new greener image is being increased by new apply science that is called Efficient Dynamics and is being promoted in UK with amalgamated driving that stands behind the words Less emissions and much driving pleasure. UK announced that non-buoyant polluting cars would be taxed at a new higher rate at road tax 210 a year.Government international policy when government intervention influences exchange rates, international trade, etc.Economic Factors.Like the political factors excessively play significant role in the business environment and development. According to The General Environment ( p. 90 ) the state of the economy at present and in the future can affect the fortunes an strategy of the firm.In June of 2012 BMW was listed as the - 1 most reput adequate to(p) company in the world by www.Forbes.com. One of the best indicators of how valu fit a brand is a global annual BrandZ leave 100 survey, conducted by the world market research firm Millward Brown. The value of an automotive brand depends on many factors. According to www.economy.bg BMW Group returns to the top of this years ranking after termination that the company was overtaken by Toyota. According to the results of BMWs value increased by 10 % over the past 12 months and an amount of 24, 62 billion dollars, objet dart Toyota fell with 21, 78 billion dollars or this means 10 %. degraded globalization of the supply of Japanese cars because of the floods and the nuclear accidents in Japan Fokushima an d floods in Thailand has caused researchers attributed this change in percentages in the chart. According to www.economy.bg China has the largest market for automobiles in the world and this is due to benefiting luxury brands like Audi, BMW and Mercedes, an increasing demand of Chinese market.1 .BMW24 , 62 billion dollars2 .Toyota21 , 78 billion dollars3 .Mercedes16 , 11 billion dollars4 .Honda12 , 65 billion dollars5 .Nissan9 , 85 billion dollars6 .Volkswagen8 , 52 billion dollars7 .Ford7 , 03 billion dollars8 .Audi4 , 70 billion dollars9 .Hyundai3 , 60 billion dollars10 .Lexus3 , 39 billion dollarsThe table shows Top 10 of the largest car brands in the world for 2012 according to their value.Important environmental factor which has had an influence is the economic climate in which it operates the financial crisis. The economic crisis that has occurred in the demise years has effect on consumer purchase behavior and also consumer ability to gain credit because of the credit crunc h. In 2007 BMW unconnected 517 million due to currency fluctuations and increasing raw material prices, this is other factor regarding the economic climate because the dollar has fallen against the Euro. The governments have oblige new road tax and they are dependent on a car emissions. The oil prices have reached 150 dollars a barrel and this is a nonher(prenominal) contributing factor that has affected BMWs sales. The raw materials due to increasing institutionalise cost, went up in price, which increased BMWs own costs and in that trend affected profits. On the other hand this made the price for diesel motor and petrol rise that increased the cost of transportation for road users. Consumers are looking for more fuel efficient vehicles in order to countervail the rise in fuel prices and the higher road tax and that has an effect on the larger vehicles.Social Factors.According to David Campbell, George Stonehouse and Bill Houston (1999, p. 104) every wizard cultures of eac h business operates countries can be of particular importance for the socio heathen future of the company or the organization. According to them there are specific ethnical differences between all countries. That culture of a given expanse consists of the values, attitudes and beliefs of its people which will affect the way that they act and behave. Culture its able to affect on consumers tastes and preferences, able to work, attitudes to work and also education and training, attitudes to ethics, attitudes to credit, to the social role of a business in hunting lodge and etc. For the support years BMW Group specialized into many different markets and countries meaning that they are dealing with different cultures, values, expectations and incomes. In order to be achieverful in all markets this means that the winning formula in one country is not necessarily work in another and so this should be taken into account.Community relationsEach location of the company in each country i s selected and chosen carefully. The company of BMW takes into account the location by its own unique society. The location corresponds to the citizen social level, also to their political and cultural awareness and economic situation. The main goal of the neighborhood activities is it to responsibly integrate the BMW Group into the local level and to achieve mutual rapport and unity. In this context the company is participating in different social institutions by means of donations, including money and providing free resources.Furthermore, the company protects projects that are implemented in assort communities with social and educational institutions. Also provide a financial actualise for events like street parades and donating functions.Education and Intercultural Understanding The BMW Group doing really well and has a chance to develop and support important skills for the outside of the company. The success of the company is it mainly because of the skills and knowledge of i ts employees. The companies support its expressed in providing entryway to technical and scientific knowledge and this initiative has for goal also to promote socio cultural skills for work in team and international understanding. The BMW company also focused on projects that teach the younger people topics as mobility and new technologies ,because in at present its not a secret that the technology is excessively developed and hide a really good opportunities for better communication, and understanding between different cultures and countries.CultureWith over 100 events worldwide BMW Group socio cultural commitment it is an essential part of corporate communications from 40 years. Unlimited freedom of creativity is from real importance, this is also as significant for the art area because its innovation in the business enterprise. BMW Group places the sizeable focus of its cultural commitment on modern and contemporary art. scientific and Environmental factorsAccording to Dav id Campbell, George Stonehouse, Bill Houston (1999 p. 105 ) analysis of the technological environment involves developing an understanding of the effects of changes in technology on all areas of a business and its activities including production processes, products and services, information and communications, transport and distribution, society, politics and economies. new-fangled technology provides to better quality and functionality for the customers and this change affect the products available to consumers and businesses.According to John L. Thompson (1992) the Environmental factors include the weather and climate change. Changes in temperature can impact on many industries including farming, tourism and insurance. With major climate ever-changing occurring due to global warming and with greater environmental awareness this external factor is becoming a significant issue for companies to consider. The growing thirst to protect the environment has an impact on many industries such as travel and transportation industries ( for example the success of hybrid cars ).In nowadays technology has been a key selling point for car manufacturers and not only, because customers feel the need for safer, more entertaining and cheaper vehicles. BMW Group has had to invest in qualified technologies in order to maintain their competitive advantage in such a fast changing industry like this. The last technological advances of BMW Group they showcased by Formula 1 car, which has the very newest technology concerning engines, safety and performance skills.The BMW Groups long term energy strategy its innovations for ameliorate fuel economy. ( official website of BMW Group ) In the period from 1995 to the end of 2008 the BMW was able to reduce CO2 emissions of their vehicles sold in Europe with almost 27 %.The future technological achievements of BMW includeBrake energy regeneration car Start Stop function and gear shift indicator burn down economy through ancillary compon ent managementBMWs hybrid models the BMW dynamic Hybrid X6 and the BMW Active hybrid 7.Demand controlled cold air intake. cutting wind tunnel technology for innovative aerodynamics.Hydrogen 7 first series developed hydrogen vehicle with a hydrogen combustion engineEmission free driving fun the MINI E. jural FactorsThere are few reasons that are very important for intelligent force in business environment. There are many reasons for companies produce law quality products lying with the price and not actual advertising, try to take attention and dont interest of customer satisfaction, interest only in making profit. BMW Group is interested to protect the customers and the society at all of unfair advertising and business behavior and activities. Also the company it has a big role in wealth activities, helping to not so developed countries to cover with wealth problems and try to develop their knowledge.The Group operates in countries where the HIV/Aids pandemic represents a s erious threat for the society and the local population, and therefore also for the members of the employees of the company. The BMW Group s most across-the-board public commitment to fighting HIV/Aids is being applied in South Africa, where in some areas 20 % or more of the people population is infected with HIV.

Impact of Climate Change on the Arctic Circle

Impact of Climate Change on the safe Circle installationOil, as a globosely valuable inborn resource, remains the digest of major international disputes and economic challenges spanning all over recent gos. As clime change begins to open up untapped aras rich for drilling, these economic conflicts are only exacerbated by the tenacity of geopolitical rights in certain areas. A prime example of this phenomenon is in the pencil eraser Circle, bordered by reigning Hesperian nations. Since the majority of the pivotal is ocean covered in promptly melting glacial sheets, an unseen sovereignty problem arises as nations debate for drilling rights to oil reservoirs. Governments and scientists are attempting to find methods to substantiate their claims to features in the gum elastic Ocean, however, there is a lack of defined policy and legislation over the polar. This has led to considerable tensions between the two main powers in this region, Russia and the linked States.Empi rical evidence has been compiled over the last century to give an fantastically clear picture of how mood change is severely affecting the measure of glacial ice melt and permafrost thaw in the hawkshaw Circle. These climatically induced changes are occurring in both the northwestward American Arctic and Eurasiatic Arctic. The Arctic circle is the global area above 66 N, with the North American Arctic comprised of the ocean and landmass between 0E and -150 W and the Eurasian Arctic between 0 and clxxx E.() Total land ice in the Arctic covers about 273,000 km2. stock-still ice melt is chronic in the Arctic, with causality directed at steadily increasing global temperatures. Historic meteorological observations in the North American Arctic display that the mean temperature rapidly rose a whopping 1C from 1900 through 2000. (Harriss 2016) This change represents a range augmentation of increasing global temperature trends. Various studies complied by the IPCC break likewise ind icated that the Eurasian Arctic is warming at approximately at a 0.12C per year rate, noted as increasing at significantly faster rate than the global temperature average. (IPCC 2014) Hence, glacial ice melt is exacerbated in the Arctic, as is permafrost thaw on continental land. The Eurasian and North American Arctic areas live lost several hundred kilometers of ice in the noncurrent 50 years al i. In turn, the rapidity of this ice melt is allowing for gate to previously inaccessible oil and gas resources in the Arctic region.Its been approximated that the Arctic circle contains about 412.16 billion barrels of crude oil and liquidness natural gas, with the majority, about 63.4%, located in the Eurasian Arctic. (EIA 2008) The majority of Arctic oil and gas reservoirs have already been discovered, with approximately 61 mammoth oil and gas fields currently located by motley(a) geographic agencies. Oil is a crucial resource for almost every(prenominal) nation on earth, as it us ed for the majority of energy production.(EIA 2008) Western nations especially rely on oil for lifestyle comforts, economic dominance, and global trade power relations. The energetic conversion of oil, uncoincidentally, also drives the temperature trends occurring with modern climate change. (Hobbie, et. al 2017) Of course, with such a high demand for these valuable fogey fuels, several states geographically located in or near the Artic have begun staking claims in fields and shelves. Russia, the United States, Norway, Denmark, Canada, and Finland have all made claims for various Arctic shelves and basins containing natural resources. This has produced some geopolitical tensions, as the question of which states have certain sovereign rights over Arctic underwater features remains pertinent.()In order to fully understand the scope of these international economic topics, one must understand the concept of sovereignty. Sovereignty, defined at a theme level, is the possession of total authority within a geographic territory. in that location are two types of sovereignty in political theory-external and versed. External sovereignty concerns the relationship between a sovereign power and other(a) states in the international community. (Lansing 1907) States with external sovereignty are recognized by other states as being a sovereign entity in the international system. intimate sovereignty, defined by law theorist Robert Lansing, is that which is inherent in a people of any state, or vested by its rulerin its important laws.(Lansing 1907) Simply put, internal sovereignty is simply the right of is the right of a state to prescribe itself within its own defined borders. Now, when examining how this concept applies to the geopolitical disputes over Arctic oil sources, one can hone it down to a fundamental issue how does one establish sovereignty in a borderless ocean, that, by UN law, is international? Various Arctic states are exacting claims over areas in the Arctic that arent geologicalally part of a claimed continental landmass. According to the 1982 UN concourse on the Law of the Sea, a state may claim an easy lay economic zone up to only 200 nautical miles from their internationally recognized borders, unless the state can prove the continental shelf on which it sits extends beyond these 200 nautical miles, in which case the zone is widen to 350 miles. ( 2015) For the United States and Russia, geopolitical tensions have risen over the past decade due to the tenacity of sovereignty in international waters. For example, in a deep-sea dive in the early 2000s, Russia dropped a tiny te flag under the North Pole ice sheet, symbolically insist their claim over an area containing over 10 billion heaps of oil, as well as a wealth of other natural resources.(Than 2007) This action raised alarms for the Arctic United States. The international system forget need to figure out to what extent sovereignty extends to undersea geologic featur es and oil reserves, and who gets to make those decisions. The Arctic is a huge wealth of resources, and lead be a key feature in the future increase of the global energy market.Problem Statementhttps//www.jstor.org/stable/2186165?seq=1fndtn-page_scan_tab_contentshttp//eds.a.ebscohost.com.libproxy.nau.edu/ehost/ specific/ full stop?sid=632f5f89-fa62-4633-9c0e-34c659a0468f%40sessionmgr4007vid=0hid=4211bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRlAN=114927740db=a9hhttp//eds.b.ebscohost.com.libproxy.nau.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=5sid=73ae1002-3040-45a6-ba70-8a33d8ed07a9%40sessionmgr104hid=104bdata=JmxvZ2luLmFzcCZzaXRlPWVob3N0LWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3dAN=120895930db=a9hhttp//eds.a.ebscohost.com.libproxy.nau.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4sid=54d373a5-ab8d-4229-b295-4847b9bee2d9%40sessionmgr4006hid=4211bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRlAN=92014156db=a9hhttp//eds.a.ebscohost.com.libproxy.nau.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=e5bcabc7-1a08-4e43-a460-7b6ac4db0737%40sessionmgr4010vid=0hid =4211bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRlAN=118931526db=a9hhttp//eds.a.ebscohost.com.libproxy.nau.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3sid=aa525d5e-8761-4704-99b3-b84d594cffdf%40sessionmgr4009hid=4211

Exploration of Brain Processes in Reading

exploration of Brain Processes in ReadingStudies into the human cognition of knowledge gametail it to use Experimental cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience and Cognitive neuro psychology advancees for developing further knowledge of the processes mingled in the meter exercise of linguistic communication.The data-based cognitive psychology approach designs laboratory experiments to reveal the processes which ar seed in the human cognition cosmos inquiryed. The experiments are considered to be a scientific way of researching, as they are highly controlled. (Eysenck and Keane 2010) Using this approach in understanding the processes of read, involves the use of certain labours in order to poll these processes.The cognitive neuroscience approach involves intensive analyze of the headland and behaviour. Due to advances in technology, in that respect are now many a(prenominal) variant proficiencys available for translateing the heading. These techniques obt ain detailed information close the way the humour functions and the building of it. From these techniques researchers bay window work out where and when in the foreland specific cognitive processes occur, as well as determine the order in which separate of the brain become active when a person performs a toil. Researchers goat besides find out whether tasks involve the alike(p) sidetracks of the brain in the same way, and establish if there are any great differences in the parts of the brain use. (Eysenck and Keane 2010)Cognitive Neuropsychology looks at the patterns of cognitive performance shown by brain damaged patients, as this backside tell apart us a lot about human cognition. For example, Epelbaum et al (2008 as cited by Cummine, Dai, Borowsky, Gould, Rollans and Boliek 2013) observed a patient who had developed pure alexia this is the ability to perform letter by letter reading, but not whole word reading. The patient developed alexia fol first gearing a small surgical lesion which damaged the remaining interior longitudinal fascicule (ILF) just behind the putative visual word form plain (VWFA). Hanley and McDonnel (1997 as cited by Eysenck and Keane 2010) studied Patient PS, who understood the meaning of talking to when reading, but could not pronounce them. From this research it was suggested that phonological processing is accessed after word meaning when reading. However, there are issues with using this approach to explaining reading and the processes which are involved, as few measure the impact of brain damage on cognitive performances may be camouflaged because patients freighter develop compensatory strategies.Reicher (1969 as cited by Eysenck and Keane 2010) studied the word superiority effect, by briefly presenting a letter string followed by a pattern mask, participants then had to reconcile which letter was in a particular position. Reciher represent that participants performance was better when the letter string for med a word.Rayner and Sereno (1994 as cited by Eysenck and Keane 2010) studied word recognition to assess whether this was automatic or not, they found the Stroop effect, this is when a colour e.g. Orange is printed in a different colour e.g. Red, they found participants took much time to answer than when the colour was printed in either the same colour font or just in black, suggesting that we are not consciously aware of word recognition.Rastle and Brysbaert (2006 as cited by Eysenck and Keane 2010) carried out a meta-analysis of various studies of participants end lexical decision and fitting tasks. From the analysis it was found that when spoken communication were preceded by primes convertible to them in footing of phonology they were processed faster than those words similar to them in terms of spelling. These findings suggest that phonological processing occurs automatically and rapidly.Yates (2005 as cited by Eysenck and Keane 2010) used both lexical decision making and naming tasks within their research, to reliever the assumption that phonological processing is used in visual processing. Yatess research found that within both of these tasks, when words which have many phonological neighbours (words which differ in one syllable from each other) are fixated on for less time than those with hardly a(prenominal)er phonological neighbours. on that point are a number of issues and limitations within the experimental cognitive psychology approach. Often, the cognitive tasks involve the use of a complex mixture of different processes and it is hard to attend the findings, for example, the Stroop Effect mentioned above, it is difficult to interpret what processes are actively involved in interpreting the colour of the word and reading it.Often the way the studies are controlled give the gate limit how ecologically valid they are, for example in the lexical decision tasks participants have to decide if a string of letters forms a word and in the n aming tasks they have to as quickly as possible pronounce visually presented words. Within these tasks normal reading times of participants are disrupted by the requirement to respond to the task, therefore open fire the results be generalised to real life and the wider population? Also, as both of the tasks, are not tasks we often engage in when reading normally, this can also impact on how true to real life the results are.There are also issues when interpreting the task performance results, as it provides us with indirect evidence about the internal processes involved in the cognition of reading, and it is difficult to decide at what time processes occur, whether they are at the same time, with some overlap, or at different times. For example, in Rastle and Brysbaerts canvas it is unsure from the results whether phonological processing occurs before word meaning is accessed. However, this can often be clarified by using brain imaginativeness techniques.Khateb and Annoni et al ( 1999) recorded event connect potentials (ERPs) during a semantic and a phonological reading task to determine the time period when semantic and phonological processing start to differently activate the neuronal language network in the brain. From the results the researchers found that these differences did not significantly occur.Event related potentials are linked to the use of EEG which is based on recordings of galvanic brain practise measured at the surface of the scalp ERP is a way of resolving one of the limitations of the EEG technique. ERP involves presenting the same stimulus to participants some(prenominal) times, as this resolves any spontaneous or background brain exertion from obscuring the impact of the processing of the stimulus on the recording. ERPs have a number of strengths in terms of their contributions towards research. They provide good temporal resolution, can indicate when a given process occurred to within a few milliseconds, e.g. in Khateb, Annoni et als study the difference amongst activation of semantic and phonological processing was only for 100 milliseconds. This technique also provides detailed information about the time course of brain activity, compared to a lot of other techniques. However, the technique does not precisely indicate which regions of the brain are most involved in processing.Cao, Bitan and Booth (2008) used high-energy casual modelling (DCM) and MRI to examine the effective connectivity between trio regions in the left hemisphere of the brain in children with and without reading difficulties when completing a rhyming judgement task. The researchers found that the modulatory effect from the left spindle-shaped whirl to the left inferior parietal lobule was weaker in children with reading difficulties when completing the conflicting essays of the rhyming judgement task (where the words had either similar orthography but different phonology, or had different orthography and phonology). another(prenomina l) finding is that the modulatory effect from the left fusiform gyrus to the inferior anterior gyrus was significantly greater in conflicting trials than non conflicting trials in the children in the control group however, this was not apparent in the children with reading difficulties. The final finding was that the modulatory effect from the left inferior frontal gyrus to the left inferior parietal lobe and the bidirectional modulatory do between the left inferior parietal lobule and medial frontal gyrus were positively correspond with reading skills in the control group of children only.MRI tells us about the structure of the brain by using radio waves to excite atoms in the brain, which produces attractive forceic changes which are detected by a large magnet these changes are then interpreted by a computer and changed into a very precise 3d image. However, as most cognitive psychologists inclination to look at the functions of the brain rather than the structure, MRI can b e a limited technique to use when studying human cognitions. This can be resolved though by using the fMRI technique which looks at the functions of the brain.Meyler and Keller et al (2007) used fMRI to examine brain activity during a visual sentence erudition task among unretentive and high ability readers. Meyler and Keller et al used a higher train comprehension task in order to expand on previous research which found a reduced or absent activation in the left parietotemporal and occipitotemporal cortices in individuals who suffer from dyslexia or have a low reading ability. The results form Meyer et als research found that poor reading ability was associated with reduced activation in those areas compared to those of higher reading ability. There was also a positive linear relationship between reading ability and cortical activation in Wernickes area, the amend inferior parietal lobule, and the left post central gyrus.Mechelli and Crinion et al (2005) using fMRI wanted to b uild on the theory that readers hire word specific knowledge and general information about how a combination of words corresponds to phonological representations by exploring how neuronal interactions within the reading system are influenced by word type. The pars triangularis showed increased activation for riddance words compared to pseudo words, however, in the dorsal premotor cortex, increased activation was found for pseudowords compared to exception words, and finally the pars occercularis showed increased activation in exception words compared to regular words, and for pseudo words compared to regular words.Bavelier et al (1997 as cited by Pinel 2011) used fMRI to measure the brain activity of participants whilst they read silently. The fMRI used in this study was particularly sensitive meaning that the researchers could order areas of activity more accurately than in previous studies. The researchers recorded brain activity during the reading of sentences. The participant s completed in periods of silent reading followed by a control period where they were presented with strings of consonants, which served as a seat for determining those areas of cortical activity associated with reading. Bavelier at al found in the lateral cortical surfaces which were monitored that there was a difference in the cortical activity. The results showed tiny areas of activity separated by areas of inactivity, these patches of activity were variable, and differed between participants, and from trial to trial on the same participant. Although some of the activity was observed in the classic Wernicke geschwind area, it was widespread over the lateral surface of the brain. It was found that there was significant activity in the right hemisphere, however considerably more activity was detected in the left hemisphere.FMRI assesses distortions in the topical anaesthetic magnetic field and provides a measure of the concentration of deoxyhaemoglobin in the blood. This techniq ue shows temporal and spatial resolution at a higher level than PET. However, there are flaws with this technique as it provides an indirect measure of primal neural activity. Also, as this technique involves the participants being encased into a scanner, some participants can feel uncomfortable, find it upsetting and experience side effects (Cooke, Peel, Shaw, Senior 2007 as cited by Eysenck and Keane 2010).The use of the experimental cognitive psychology approach provides a good basis for cognitive neuroscience research to study further, as although it can provide some explanation for what processes may be involved in reading, it cannot provide specific information on what part of the brain these processes occur in, or in what order and so forth. By combining both the experimental cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience approaches, more in depth research can be conducted. For example, Cao, Bitan and Booths study with combines the use of DCM, MRI and a rhyming judgement ta sk provides more information and explanations for poorer reading abilities. Or Mechelli and Crinion et als research combined the use of fMRI and a phonological task finding that there are distinct regions within the left anterior cortex activated differently depending on the word type being read. Finally, the use of cognitive neuropsychology provides explanations for the processes involved in reading by studying patients with brain damage who have issues in certain cognitions presumed to be involved in reading, and examining which parts of the brain are damaged.Word come 2071ReferencesCao, F., Bitan, T. and Booth, J. (2008) Effective brain connectivity with reading difficulties during phonological processing Brain and linguistic communication Vol. 107 pp. 91 101 onlineCummine, J., Dai, W., Borowsky, R., Gould, L., Rollans, C. and Boliek, C. (2013) Investigating the ventral lexical, dorsal sublexical model of raw material reading processes using diffusion tensor imaging Brain Structure and government agency Vol. 218, No.6 onlineEysenck, M. and Keane, M (2010) Cognitive Psychology A Students vade mecum 6th ed. New York Psychology PressKhateb, A., Annoni, J-M., Landis, T., Pegna, A., Custodi, M-C., Fonteneau, E., Morand, S. and Michel, C. (1999) Spatio-temporal analysis of electric brain activity during semantic and phonological word processing International daybook of Psychophysiology Vol.32 pp. 215-231 onlineMechelli, A., Crinion, J., Long, S., Friston, K., Lambon Ralph, M., Patterson, K., McClelland, J. and Price, C. (2005) Dissociating Reading Processes on the Basis of Neuronal Interactions, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Vol17. No.11, pp 1753 1765 onlineMeyler, A., Keller, T., Cherkassky, V., Lee, D., Hoeft, F., Whitfield-Gabrielli, S., Gabrielle, J. and Just., M (2007) Brain Activation during Sentence Comprehension among Good and paltry Readers, Cerebal Cortex, Vol 17. No.12, pp. 2780 2787 onlinePinel, J. (2011) Biopsychology 8th ed. Boston Pearson Education

Objectives Of The Masala Restaurant Commerce Essay

Objectives Of The Masala Restaurant Commerce EssayMasala eating place is situated at mission bay, Auckland. at that place argon tot bothy 8 branches of the eating house all over rude(a) Zealand and plans argon in the pipeline to equal to(p) to a greater extent. The patch is becoming popular as it provides cheap and good select victuals apart from the rangy menu. The eating place and its opposite branches ar solely have by Mrs. Jyoti Jain. It caters to wide number of tribe and of various purifications. I had an interview from Jaspreet jassi who is the director of masala eating place, mission bay. Hence the menu contains nourishment from various countries however the speciality of the eating house is mainly Indian. To capture the market and have a diverse group of customers some(prenominal) of the spicy Indian solid foods atomic number 18 do light and some beats sweet to cater to the brisk Zealanders. The service towards the customers excessively is very professional.Objectives of the restaurant1. The main objective of the restaurant is to provide a wide range of food at reason able-bodied prices.2. Within 3 years the restaurant became popular in Auckland and few separate places, so they would like to expand and have more branches in other places in New Zealand.3. Their current strategy is to have 25 branches in exclusively of New Zealand by the year 2015.4. They would like to be an active and birdcall member of the community and participate in various community activities.5. To encourage in financial contri exception through with(predicate) continual re-investment.Finding and exposeline musical arrangement Structure and converse channelsMasala restaurant is unrivaled of the leading Indian restaurants in New Zealand. Earlier it was a small food joint with limited Indian food catering besides to the Indian community in Auckland. Later the owner realized that there were some people apart from Indians who overly liked the Indian food but opted for little less spicy food. So the precaution decided to dedicate their foods at three levels of spiciness, less, medium and hot. Through feedback from regular customers, they realized that they essential to increase the varieties on the menu. Then they added many impertinent dishes and each time a bran- freshly dish was tried out the customers feedback was taken into depict and further decisions were made ground on this.The employees understand their situation and responsibilities towards the society. There ar opportunities for both covering- nap bottom-up communication as it is needful for the restaurant use both courses for communication. Bottom-up is moves as per the placement and used in several atomic number 18a like Motivation team ups, rise knowledge opportunities, replicating human emergence, increasing communication, improve confidence.A business require to develop a strategy that is a symmetry of both the top-down and bottom-up in ensnare to be effective. The top-down onward motion includes draws development, equal employment and nothing tolerance policies, training, recruitment and retention programmes, brotherly responsibility initiatives, linking diversity to business goals and cultural- budge initiatives. This approach is required for top level leading in pasture to visualize and articulate the creation of an comprehensive surroundings inside the organization. Implementing of these requires hard work and the ability to see the restaurant from the bottom-up. Bottom-up strategies is more process focused. It focuses more on an individual. To identify that both someone is different and it s similarlyl happen lonesome(prenominal) one person at a time. Hence different education solutions and strategies have to be made as per each individual. Most often it is the responsibility of the top management during an issue or chore but in bottom-up approach its the responsibility of each individual (W inters, 2010).In a zero tolerance policy the employees get out hesitate to say anything thinking they mogul compensate fired but in a bottom-up approach it is a natural work team where there is more of learning in order to understand purify and hence athletic supporterers the team to work out more in effect. By using the bottom-up approach every leader right from the team leader to the top position all are teachers. Through their own behavior they project themselves as thought leaders or primary teachers. Top-down approach is more for the office darn the bottom-down is more for the team. every(prenominal)body has a say in the organization hence more chance of improving the restaurant (Winters, 2010).Due to all these above reasons the restaurant has to balance the two approaches and not follow just one. From the playing field on Masala restaurant it is set up that the restaurant does not have a balance between the two approaches.In order to take up this a success every me mber should get involved in the restaurant. If the restaurant uses only the top-down then there are chances of the diversity initiative halt in the middle or even before it starts. By the time the messages or information reaches the lower level it could have changed, issues misunderstood and an heavy goal or strategy may reach in the demise as a mere thought. In much(prenominal) a cheek the restaurant will lose time and money of all those who are involved.Work teams and group dynamicsThe work environment in the restaurant is a bit relaxed and everything depends on the line animal trainer who is currently trusty for everything. There are two types of managers those who exercise their power and show their leadership qualities obtained through experience and the other type are those who in order to get their team work done will take everything upon themselves and do closely of the team members tasks.In most cases the managers tend to be solace and are indistinguishable from other employees. Team work is categorized based on different field of specialization. Some are plant check to different experience and some as per the requirement. The manager gives a team and defines their roles and responsibilities. They focus on what they have to deliver and what their final destination is. Every team has a team leader, who al focusings creates or subdivides task for the team and manage his/her group members in helping them achieve their goal and create doorways by motivating them to get them to get around success which will help in their promotion path.The processes which have to be followed by an organization to control productive team work outance areBy developing goals and plans for casual use.Enhance communication among every member in the team finding making and solving problemsBuilding and maintaining positive relationships with crews.Resolve conflicts.Managers always instruct the task, whatever the task may be. The offset printing step is taken b y the manager and he decides the allocation of teams and schedules. General Manager has the spiffing license because Manager subjects to the General manager and he given all the ideas virtually task maintenance and role surgery, Once he allocates them then manager has the authority to distribute it. There are several ways to get the team output but generally the Masala restaurant use scrutinise tools to see the performance parameter and get the team resolutions.Stakeholder communicationA stakeholder is any individual or organization whoever is affected by the businesss activities. They washstand be directly or indirectly be interested in the company. They can be in contact with the company on everyday basis or on certain occasions. It can be the owners, the employee, the customers, the suppliers, the marketers or the advertisers and more.Every stakeholders priorities are different. The owners want good profit and sell graphic symbol food at cheap prices. For the suppliers i t is to supply good quality ingredients and other necessities at competitive price to the restaurant and as well make good profit. For the customers it is good and tasty food at cheap price. For the marketers and advertisers it is profit. For the employees it is a totally different reason a good salary, regular carry hike and scope for growth within the restaurant. Health inspectors too are stakeholders as their analysis upshot and certification is what builds up the confidence in the customers mind that the place they are eating in is as per the quality standards and hygiene.There are various such stakeholders as mentioned above who are directly or indirectly linked by the activities of the restaurant, but out of all these the most pregnant one is the customer. The running of the business and its meshwork depends on the customers.Organization culture employee obligationsThe culture and ambience in the restaurant is very friendly. The manager and its team of employees are very happy and satisfy working in the restaurant. They are content with their own responsibilities but it is not helping the restaurant. The manager being at the higher level is in a position to exercise his power, take decisions and act accordingly. When there are new employees who are in the learning process, the manager usually takes charge. He patiently does the work of the employees whenever required. He sometimes encompasss with customers till the employees learn. In most companies the managers use various approaches to sell their products and give utmost customer satisfaction. It is the role of the manager to be able to take orders, feedback and other alternatives in order to make their decision, not just to give orders. The more a manager is close to the team the better are the results at later stages of development and the employees become comfortable to go beyond the actual role activities. (Northhouse, 2007). converse Technologies and toolsEffective communication is required for any business to function properly. If workers dont advance with one some other the business cannot go a long way. This could result in the form of missed or wrong deliveries, mix up of food and customer specification. Nowadays companies use sharepoint, intranet sites, instant messaging and email. Intranet sites are helpful for small businesses to update or keep their employees in the come home of communicating new information. The workers can add about business wins, home job opportunities and sometimes put up periodic surveys (Conrad, 2012).The most important and valuable form of communication among businesses is instant messaging. This has become more superior then email. The managers and supervisors can keep a check on their workers such as if they have signed in and if they are at their desks or work. The answers for the business are also very instant and quick compared to emails. notwithstanding emails are still effective and widely used, especially if it is one to on e communication. Through online marketing the businesses can also let visitors and others outside New Zealand to know about their restaurant and can give them international offers. closeMasala restaurant is a small and growing business in New Zealand. The restaurant has a good and tasty menu catering to people from various countries with their various foods. In the beginning the restaurant was open only during the spends but now is open seven days a week and have customers throughout the week. After introducing the bar section there has been more people visiting the restaurant. The restaurant is a medium scale restaurant and the food is affordable by all, but the staff appointed are not very educated and do not come from the food application. There are no growth opportunities in the restaurant for the educated people hence those with no experience and required qualifications do not join the restaurant. The manager is the one leading the whole show. If the people appointed are fr om the industry and have certain knowledge of the food industry, it will help reduce the burden on the manager and make it easier to deal with the customers. The workers will not approach the manager for everything and will be able to decide and sort out things in a better way. The restaurant has a huge scope and potential to grow if there are more investors and the business moves away from being a sole proprietorship. fount of franchises will help the restaurant to grow and reach a large number of people. Introduction of recipes using seasonal foods too will be an added advantage. An in-house training if provided will give the workers scope for a better upcoming and hence people from the industry would think of joining the restaurant. From the field study done it has been observed that there necessitate to be a change in the companys values and objectives. A change in the work culture will greatly help the restaurant in future growth.RecommendationsOrganization structure and com munication ChannelsOn doing the research I found that there is still scope for the restaurant to perform much better in future. I would like to propose that the managers can make the employees perform and enjoy their work if there are many activities involving both the management and the employees. This way the employees will be freer to convey better and give customers feedback to the restaurant. The managers unbroken support does not get the utmost from the employees. The manager for better performance of his team puts more effort where the employees are not doing a affiliated or serious work. discourse Technologies and toolsMasala restaurant does not have a proper website. There is a need to have a new website with constant updating. They can send emails to customers informing them of in style(p) offers and new additions to the menu. They can also market through social websites like facebook and other networks. obscure from all these they can also advertise in papers or thro ugh pamphlets and flyers. The restaurant can go global and also open more franchises. Each branch can be owned independently. This way the restaurant can grow. They need to install new machinery like latest baking machines and upgrade as high tech as mathematical taking care of the financial aspect. By developing their website they can also introduce door delivery and undertake small contracts such as birthday parties and social get together.Work teams and group dynamicsThe environment has to be friendlier and knowledge based, so that the team works well and communicates effectively among themselves. Sometimes there are issues where one employee does not tell the other employee what feedback a customer has given. It is very important in the food industry to know the tastes, likes and wants of the customers. Every conversation is an important feedback to better the restaurant.The food has too much sweetness, which is not liked by many Asians. Care should be taken on this. Handling o f the bar too requires attention. Staff needs to be trained. Most of the employees are Indians it will help if they have a few locals or a multi-cultured environment. This will bring forth diverse customers through the employees too.To motivate the employees they can introduce rewards like incentives, food coupons, free weekend trip. This is the way to keep the entire employee up to date and attentive. There is another way to create Employee of the month and team of the month in the restaurant.Stakeholder CommunicationStakeholders involvement is very important. The restaurant is not very involved or interested in communicating with their suppliers. Regular meetings with them will give better feedback. Discounts on certain days kept aside for the family and friends of suppliers and the employees will bring in more people. Stakeholders are the fastest mode of communication. By pipeline more people are likely to visit the restaurant as it builds confidence in new visitors who are try ing the restaurant for the first time. Apart from profits other goals like quality and hygiene are to be taken care of too.Following the above recommendations will help Masala restaurant to reap better profits and expand their branches. Better strategies and company policies involving the recommendations will also to a certain extent bring down the issues faced in the restaurant and develop an interest among the employees to learn new things. Apart from that there is scope for the employees to grow.Value to the OrganizationThis business report is really helpful to the organization because in this I worked out on the various issues related to the communication have some points which can be helpful to the organization with the help of the report they can improve their communication process or they also come to know about the problem at their communication system. In my report I also recommend some ideas, which I learn during my study. According to me, it will give some more benefits a nd come about communication system.During my report I found many things, like masala restaurant have their 8 branches all over the new Zealand, It is family owned business, now the owner of masala is jyoti jain. She looks after all the branches. My report helps them in many ways because I analyze all the categories and provide the shell recommendations. If they use that ideas it may help them to become a challenger to their competitors.So according to me they make a specific person or way to convey the messages or communication. Email, video calling is good example for clear communication. It helps the organizations into many ways

History And Culture Of Klutch Cultural Studies Essay

bill And flori conclusion Of Klutch Cultural Studies EssayHistory of make lovech cutch has a actually rich and vibrant history. battalion hire migrated in and extinct of cutch from countries like Afghanistan, Sindh, Britain and Africa for centuries and the various rock candy implements effectuate by explorations in and around the maculation verify that it was populate from prehistoric times. In fact, traces of the astonishing Indus V tot all(prenominal)yey civilization (3000 to 1500B.C.) have been nonice at Dholavira- kutch. It was referred to by Alexander the great as Abhir, which means the operate of tortoise. It had constantly remained a place of a lesser existence, e circumscribedly in the 9th speed of light. kutch has as well experienced frequent earthquake since medieval times. The early earthquake recorded in cutch dates back to 16th June 1819. Since then, over 90 earthquakes of varying intensity have struck the sh ar, but no(prenominal) as severe as th e around recent 1 in 2001. cutch in Ancient Period (3000 B.C to 920 AD)Rann was not an arm of the sea during the early days when Alexander the great visited these places in 325BC. The eastern branches of the Indus River emptied the nigh im mannerant channel into the Rann and kutch was a kind of extension of Sindh on the separate side of the larger freshwater lake, which could be easily crossed. The Mauryan imperium broke of the Gujarat, cutch and Sindh provinces and passed under the rules of Greeks from Bactria in 140-120 BC. Bactrian rule over Gujarat, Kathiawad and Kutch was ended by Sakas in the 1st Century and ruled upto the third century. After that Samudragupta attacked the Sakas and ended their rule.Kutch in Modern Period (1500 AD to 2001)Much of Kutch history in the 13th, 14th and 15th century has witnessed a separate of violence through push-down storageacres, plunder and arson. In 1510, Rao Khengarji I a successor of Odha, (second son of Rato Raydhan) assumed pow er with the full eulogy of the Sultan of Ahmeddabad. He thus became the founder of the dynasty that was to rule Kutch cashbox its merger with the Indian Union in 1948. Khengarji Is cr ingest urinate was Rahper. This was later shifted to Bhuj in 1549.After the Partition of India in 1947, the province of Sindh, including the port of Karachi, ended up in Pakistan. The Indian Government constructed a youthful port at Kandla in Kutch to serve as a port for western India in lieu of Karachi. thither was a strife over the Kutch portion with Pakistan and battle broke out unspoiled months before the outbreak of the Second Kashmir War.ArchitectureThe architecture that is followed in the whirl of the ho phthisiss in the Kutch region, and Gujarat as a whole, is called Bhonga and is commonly found in the rural atomic number 18as. It is a tent like organise which has been in use in Gujarat and the Kutch region for over 200 years now. It consists of a single cylindrical shaped room and h as a conical capital supported by cylindrical walls. The durability, sturdiness and the reason that this type of architecture is puff up suited to the desert condition makes it a very common softwood across this region. Also, failure of the Bhongas in the put up earthquake cause very nearly injuries to its occupants in spite of their collapse. These Bhongas argon same to the normal mud residences and is usually inhabited by the poor commonwealth.Places of ImportanceBhuj is the headquarters of the Kutch regulate and apart from its strategic and administrative impressiveness, it is likewise a beautiful place famous for its amazing shorescape.Mandvi is a port situated along the coast, which is a tourist destination famous for its handicraft, tie-dye, silverwork and interesting architecture like Vijay Vilas Palace. It in any case showcases a few houses which have a blend of Indian and European styles of architecture and a lighthouse. The Mandvi Beach is excessively a pl ace of importance with Water Sports and other forms of tourism developing along its coast.White Rann, named so due to the huge salt field of bailiwick in the desert do it look like ice, is a very common tourist tie and the picturesque beauty of the place has do it an integral part of mevery movies as well. The Rann Utsav, a ethnical thus fart, happens here in the greater Rann of Kutch every year in December. It is organised by the Gujarat tourism part annually and is an opportunity for visitors to attend folk dance and music concepts, catch up with artisans at work, visit handicraft settlements, see the historical monuments in the secern, and go trekking as well.The midget Rann of Kutch and its environs, the Wild Ass Sanctuary is the last home of the Indian Wild Ass. Other species that could be seen during wildlife viewing drives in the sanctuary ar the Nilgai or blue bull antelope, blackbuck or Indian Antelope, Chinkara or Indian Gazelle, the endangered Indian Wolf, wa ste and Indian Foxes, Jackal, and smaller species characteristic of the desert habitat.At the edge of the Little Rann of Kutch ar lakes and marshes that attract waterfowl in numbers beyond comprehension. Huge flocks of flamingos, pelicans, cranes, storks, geese and ducks can be seen in winter. The Little Rann is as well peerless of the few places in India where the Lesser Flamingo is breeding successfully.The place Banni (meaning bani hui, or puddle made) gets its name from its geological past, the land was formed from the sediments deposited by several rivers that flowed through the region over several thousand years. race say that front to the earthquake of 1816, the river Indus flowed right through Banni and the local farmers reaped rich harvests. After the earthquake, the rivers changed scat and the place now is al most(prenominal) featureless, arid grassland fed only by the seasonal monsoons with very few farms seen. Due to the high salt content of the soil the vegetatio n is sparse and plants we came across most were salt kind shrubs like Mesvak , Lana, Ooeyen, Lai and Sedge.Places of WorshipHazipir, Karodpir, Mata Nu Madh, Narayan Sarovar, Koteshwar, Godhra, Vaishnav Devi, Gundkla, Ghadsisha, and so forth atomic number 18 places which are of interest to one and many. Each of them have a story to communicate and they each correspond historic and religious importance in their own respective fashions. miserliness and IndustriesIndias luxuriantest growing state in the last decade has been the state of Gujarat. The Kutch region of Gujarat provides investors with some(prenominal) resources and the benefits of investment. The most definitive feature of the Kutch region comes geographically with two major(ip) ports Mundra and Kandla located in the region. These ports are closest to the Gulf and Europe and major trade occurs through both these ports.Kutch is home to a dress circle of small truck drivers. on that point are also NRI industrialists and linemen who contribute to the economy of the region.The Kutch region is also blessed with abundance of natural resources like lignite, bauxite and gypsum. Most of these minerals are used for electricity generation by the Gujarat Electricity Board.The industry scenario in the region can be best described as do rapid strides. Companies of TATA Power, Adani and Sanghi Industries Ltd are housed in the region. Ancilliaries and support systems are also developing in the region at a fast pace. Due to all these the demand for non agricultural land has gone up at an amaze pace at that placeby accompanied with sky rocketing land prices. An acre of land uncommitted for Rs. 500 just 7-8 years ago is now sold at Rs.5 Crores. Although these stories are unheard of in the land of Kutch since its inception, they are fair the reality of today. Due to much(prenominal) explosion, poor peasants lifestyles have gone a dramatic change and they are consuming brands like give outtery winners. at that place are so many cases in which many people have opted for retirement from their farms and have sold it off to these corporate for a expound price tag and are now enjoying the fruits of their ancestors hardwork. Traditional industries such as salt, manufacture of shawls, handicrafts and silver items mollify exist in the region.The People of KutchKutch due to its geographic location is inhabitated with people from various regions. People have migrated from neighbouring regions of Marwar, Afghanistan, Sindh (now Pakistan).There are several nomadic, semi-Nomadic and artisan groups living in Kutch.The major communities acknowledge Jadejas, Lohana, Nishars, Darbars, Khatris, Rabaris and Ahirs. The majority of the population of Kutch follows Jainism as religion the Vanki Tirth temple situated in Mundra district considered to be one of the most sophisticated temples for Jains attracts over thousands of pilgrims every year but Hindus and Muslims are also in sizeable number i n this region. Especially the Banni region is home to a number of nomadic Sindhi-Speaking Muslim group such as Dhanetah Jaths, Hingoras and Samma. There are also Sikhs residing in this part of the state the gurudwara for whom located at Lakhpat in Kutch was the house that Guru Nanak stayed in during his journey to Mecca.A mortal from the region of Kutch is known as Kutchi. Most of the Kutchis are freshetently connected to their roots. They have strong social and cultural values imbibed in them. They say a Kutchi is born with entrepreneurial skills and business acumen. This goes to show, as a large number of Kutchis are businessman in small or big way (Adani, Euro Group, Nilkamal, Everest Group, Prince Plastic, Amarsons, Premsons, Benzer and Anchor etc.. They also give a lot back to the region where they hail from. They build schools, hospitals, dharma shalas (dormitories), temples, bhojnalaya (free meals for all). They also provide plentiful job opportunities for all the youth hailing from that place. They train them and also trust them with consequence responsibilities. This is without any merit or skill based and is purely on the basis of a CSR role that they play for the communities that they are born in. They are these big names which are the stones on which a whole hamlet is developed.Kutchis follow a patriarchal system and the male child s bowl holds an important position in the house, they believed if its a male child he volition be part of family business and if its a female she will be married off soon. There is some difference as to how a girl child is brought up and a male child. Kutchis till early 2000 did not lay special emphasis on education. straightaway the mindset is changing with people abject to cities. They want their children to be educate kids today have aspirations to become doctor, engineer, and cricketer. Education now is an important good will even for girls and in that location are girl schools that have been constructed . But even in the 21st century a girl child is booked in as early as the 8th standard and is taught how to run for a house at a tender age. Although now things are changing and girls are getting equal importance in a lot of families.A Kutchi believes in maintaining relationship throughout his life. Relationship is as important to him as money is. Also customs and traditions are passing important to him. There are set practices which he follows for every occasion, the places of morality are extremely important and many in numbers.People of Kutch are very welcoming to people from other communities. Due to a large population of Hindus, Muslims and Jains etc, all the festivals are celebrated with a lot of exuberance. Most people are very warm hearted and treat everyone equally. For their own community Kutchis have also created sanatoriums for people to come and stay as hotels cannot be built everywhere. This reflects in the warm hospitality which they offer to any stranger who walks into their house and is offered a cup of tea and bidi. They feel reward and privileged if they are offered a bidi in anyones house. These are 2 conversations starters and also customs around which the whole community revolves around. Entertainment, socializing, conversations, rituals, etc. are all an offshoot of the warmth that they infect people with.Post the earthquake there has been a lot of developmental work done in the region of Kutch. There have been several industries set up, power plants have been constructed. art opportunities have been created for the people and due to this there has been increase in the buying power of people. Now they have to a greater extent useable income in their custody and they have also become brand conscious.Social StatusKutch is home to people from all strata of the society, there are large business houses which come from Kutch and there are also people who awake(p) on daily wages. The social status of people varies from SEC A to SEC E2. T here are people who belong to the working pattern and house wife as a concept is predominant in Kutch.Kutchis have been following a joint family structure since a very long time but off late due to migration and other factors slowly the families have started moving into nuclear structure. Even if the families have go into smaller units, kutchis are still a very closely field unit, they look after each other and ensure that every genus Phallus of the family at least gets his daily bread. Most of the employment opportunity is introductory passed on to family members then people from kutchi community and then to the outside cosmea.CultureKutchis pride themselves on their rich culture and heritage and reflect the kindred through their dressing, run-in and even food for thought habits.CostumeThe people of kutch have unique set of vestures as against the conventional gain. They normally wear embroidered work .Mirror work is also an important part of their outfit. In varied par ts of Kutch you will see different set of designs on the outfit as the workmanship of each region differs. A crabby community in Kutch can be recognised on the basis of the costumes they wear for example, a rabari adult female will always be seen in a black open blouse or odhnis which cover her face, the Jat women always wear red or black Chunnis. Chaniya Choli is another important costume for the women of Kutch. In Rural areas women wear abhla( reflect work) chaniya choli. They wear kanjari which is a long blouse embroidered with mirror work and choli.The men in Kutch wear a gabardine outfit, they wear a purity dhoti (lungi) and a khami and a white crest .Another traditional costume of the men in Kutch is the Kaidiyu which is again white in color. The bottoms of these people are tight at the feet so that no insects enter them plot of ground they are working on in their fields. Bandhani patsy of Kutch is really famous in Indian and abroad and is in huge demand across food ma rket. The bride and her family is supposed to wear a special kind of Bandhani called as Gharchoda. This is still prevalent in the cities where a lot of expat kutchis get married. Widows can be recognised by a normal Red saree which she wears without any ornaments as accompaniments.MusicKutch has a rich heritage of traditional folk music. Musical instruments are also related to origins of people in Kutch, their taboos, their style of worship etc. It allows us to understand social and religious traditions. Some of the musical instruments of Kutch includeBhorrindo A folk instrument which is a simple vacant scandal ball or like an egg twisted with three to intravenous feeding holesDak or Dhaku Dak is similar to Damru and is made up of min glass frame with vellum heads. The Cords are pressed hard and released in quick succession to give the effectDholak One of the most important instruments in the folk music of Kutch. which is compete at all major occasions be it a small event or t he navratri functionsJodia pawa A pair of double flutes is also known as Alghoza. It is mainly played by the shepherds in the desert. It is used in folk dances. One of the known artist of the same is Musa Gulam Jat from KutchMorchang A simple turn made out of brass .It has an outer frame fortuning the instrument and in the shape of a harp.ColorKutch is a place which is fill with a lot of vibrancy even if its known as land of desert. Be it the costume the people they wear or the color of their house they make use of bright colors such as blue, go yellow and red. Rannoutsav, the combination of White surrender and vibrancy of Gujarat, is also a celebration of colors amidst the land of white sand.LanguagePredominant vocabulary is kutchi influenced by sindhi and gujarati owing to its geographical location. The script of Kutchi language has become dead and so Gujarati script is occasionally used. Gujarati as a script and language has also become more popular because of people movin g out and the schools being gujarati mass medium.Rituals festivityThe Kutch festival colorfully attired dancers, music concerts, Sindhi Bhajan performances, Langa Desert Music and shops selling embroideries and jewelry are the hallmarks of the Kutch Desert FestivalMakar Sankrantiand Kite Flying Festival(14 January) UttarayanSignificance Suns direct rays reach the equatorial of Capricornto mark the end of winter season. It is celebrated by ready kites the threads are glass strengthened and the purpose of the fighter kites is to cut the other kites thread and be the winner. At night, kites withChinese lanternsare flown and held aloft. fodder Undhiya, sugar cane juice and local sweets to celebrate the day.The Rann UtsavThe Rann Utsav is the annual cultural extravaganza of the region held in the months of December and January. The Rann Utsav seeks to bring out to the world the uniqueness and rich diversity of the region. Though focus has always been on traditional art and cultu re, this year it has evolved with the addition of dances and pageants. Most notably, visitors are made to feel a part of the programs and are invited to perform. The Rann Utsav though is mainly for the urban population and the rural crowd tend to shy away from the festival. tourism has large by leaps and bounds, more so with the roping in of Amitabh Bachchan as the brand ambassador of Gujarat.Handicrafts ArtistryBandhani traditional handiwork of tie and dye. Bandhanis are very closely associated with deep rooted social customs. It is treated as a symbol of married life and is worn by Hindus and Muslims during their marriage. It is also worn during major festivals like navratri and diwali by women across caste and age. decorative arts of pottery, embroidery, printed and woven textiles, wall paintings, jewellery and leatherwork Lodai (the potters are here are muslim and slip decoration executed by women is highly regarded) and Khavda ( trunk bunga round hut made from mud and wo od with a conical roof) important regions of districts known for clay crafts which are more than normal pot makingDiverse embroideries aariembroidery carried out for the royalty and wealthy families. traditionally women in rural areas do the embroidery for their dowries. Important resource centers for embroidery in the region are Shrujan, Kutch Mahila Vikas Sangathan (KMVS), Kalaraksha and Women Artisans Marketing Agency (WAMA).Ajarakh make a very complex hand printing technique employ wooden blocks andnatural dyes. The printing is done by a drawn-out process which can take up to a couple of months for the most complicates pieces. Ajarakh is being practised today in Dhamadka and Ajarakhpur villages in Kutch.Mud work Artistic wall pieces made with mud and mirror work are used to decorate homes.Leather artisans products like leather shoes, sandals, mirrors, small pouches, etc. The very high skilled artisans decorate the articles by doing embroidery or cutting various shaped wi ndows in the leather. These artisans can be found in the villages like Sumarasar, Nirona, Zura, Bhirandiyara, Hodko,Khavda, etc. in and around the Banni region.Handloom weaving shawls, yardage, jackets, etc. woven out of wool, cotton and acrylic yarn. Bandhani is carried out on the shawls in some cases. The biggest center for this is Bhujodi village near Bhuj.Food and DrinkJains,Buldhminsand some other caste perform strict vegetarianism making Kutch a predominantly vegetarian district. As for Jains they also refrain from eatingkandmoolfood grown below the ground such aspotatoes, garlic,onion,suran, etc.Beef is an ultimate taboo since Hindus consider the cow holy even though they energy practice various levels of vegetarianism.The usually Kutchi Cuisine consists of Roti or Rotlas, Curd, Butter draw, Dal, Curry, Vegetables, Papad, Kachumbar. dry out rotlis or Theplas and Khakras and Sev (of Gram Flour) are made and stored as food during traveling etc..Staple food Rotlas made o f Bajri (millet)which the local relish with Butter take out or Chhas, Butter and Jaggery or Gud.Khichhdi made of rice and dal (pulses).Beverages Teais the most popular drink in this region and is enjoyed no matter of sex, caste, religion or social status.Most people drink it with milk and sugar and like it sweet but strong. . Tea without milk is offered when people are visiting host to mourn death of relatives and is hence neer served to guests on normal occasions.Delicacies Khaman dokla, Gathia, Undhia, Muthia, Raita, Dahi wada, Kachori, Bhajia, Bhaji made of brinjal, bitter gourd and ladys finger,etc.Snacks Dabeli, Puri Shak, Pav Bhaji, Bhakarwadi, Papdi, Kadak, etc.Desserts Adadiya, Gulab Pak, password Papdi, Mohan thal, Pedas, Halwa, Gulab Jamun, Jalebi, etc. Seeds of Dhaniya or Dhana dal, Betal Leaf or Pan with Supari is served after food as mouth freshner.Consumer InsightsConsumption Pattern in Kutch has seen a steady change in the past two decades with increase in med ia proliferation. More brands are targeting Kutch as a potential market owing to their considerable disposable income. Kutchis are becoming more and more aware of the brands available across segments. Companies such as HUL , PG, Pepsi, Parle, Brittania, LG, Samsung, Maruti are expanding their diffusion channel to reach out to these consumers.Brand AwarenessIt was important to study and understand the brand awareness level in the villages of the Kutch region. The most pertinent sector of consumption is the FMCG category. Hardly anyone in the villages of Kutch possesses an automobile, as a result of their economic status, but SUVs were common among the urban population of Kutch.It was fascinating and somewhat surprising to learn that young girls in the villages of Kutch know about brands such as Nissan Micra, although that was attributed to Ranbir Kapoor. The power of celebrity endorsements was there for all to see.In the household, the most common brands which were spotted were Bour nvita, Nycil, Ponds and Salora among others. Most of them used the local brands when it came to cooking ingredients like milk, ghee, oil etc. According to the retailers, FMCGs in small packs sell better than large packs and Clinic Plus is a fast seller. Confectionaries like Cadburys Perk, Hide and Seek are some of the brands the kids consume.Apart from this though, there are also cases of selling of counterfeit and local brands which have similar packaging as that of the original brand. A few instances were noticed in the case of packaged drinking water, analgesics and FMCG products.Impact of advertising on consumer expressionUpon interaction with the natives of the Kutch region, it was found that celebrity advertising had the maximum adjoin among the younger population. Also, after the 2001 earthquake in Bhuj, there was a tag change in the buying pattern due to higher disposable income.Consumer durables are a huge market in Kutch and television and refrigerator are some of the p roducts which have started finding their way into every household. People have also started becoming brand conscious. Electronics stores such as LG have opened outlets in recent times.Media Consumption video recording is one of the major media vehicles. People of this region are mainly pendant on to the soap opera, Gulaal , which showcases the culture of the Kutch region. There are also different perspectives to this soap where one fraction believes that the Kutch region has not been depicted properly, while the other are happy with the serials depiction of the culture and practices of the region. There is also a slow trend in moving from traditional CRT TVs to LCD screens.Newspapers are also an important medium in the region. In the villages, mainly the regional newspapers like Divya Bhaskar and Sanj Samachar are circulated, while in the urban areas English dailies such as DNA and times of India are widely read.The radio is used as a mass medium too. People are tuned into their f avorite radio channels and conversation is mainly through news, music or commercials.Impact of Social structureThe society is predominantly male dominated. The villages follow a structure where the village headman or sarpanch is the one who takes the decisions aided by his council. The villages in the Kutch region provide equal opportunities to women. As in case with most of the rural population of India, women are married off at a very young age, having barely finished school.How this structure impacts the buying demeanour is seen from the fact that although the chief wage earner is the male (in most cases), the woman of the house buys the products for daily use.

Free Siddhartha Essays: Wisdom is Difficult :: Hesse Siddhartha Essays

As human beings, we sometimes can not synchronise our headsprings and souls. When we are at our success of knowledge or intellect, we blind our mind with our ambition which comes along in reaching the knowledge or intellect. As a young brahmin, Siddhartha, has been taught that Brahmin is the soul of Atman or the Only One (Chapter 1, page 5). It way that Brahmin is the highest position beside the Creator. This intellect alienates Siddharthas Self. He does not think that his superiors Self provide give him salvation. Siddhartha thinks his Self conquers himself. He wants his Self to die to find wisdom and spiritual knowledge.   quite an than searching for his soul, Siddhartha attemps to destroy his Self through suffering of Samanic sternism. He sees that Samanas knowledge energy lead him to his salvation. In page 11 chapter 2, we read ...had one wiz finish--to become empty, to become empty of thirst, desire, dreams, pleasure and sorrow--to let the Self die. No longer to be Self, to experience the peace of an emptied heart, to experience pure design... Although Siddhartha does the scourge, he does not find his salvation. He quests his torment which is only escaped from the Self for temporarily. Again, Siddhartha rejects and leaves the Samana ascetic knowledge.   Siddhartha ends his knowledge quests Brahminism, Samanic asceticism, and Buddhism. He turns to the use of his senses in finding his goal. His main goal is to be his Self. His sense of being is isolated by his knowledge. He realizes that he does not know his Self which he has spent his life avoiding. He vows him self to explore the Self.   The second step of Siddharthas journey is realizing that although he has knowledge, knowledge is not liberal without experience. Experience can be gained through practicing knowledge. Also he realizes that thought and sense must be used together to find the way. He meets with Kamala whose beauty and intellegence overwhelms him. Kamalas observation and sensitiveness help Siddhartha to develop his sense of love. To remunerative for her lectur, he has his think, wait, and fast(chapter 5, page 46). With Kamalas help in another lecture, he gains the combination of the simplicity and intelegence.   As he grows older, he makes a conversancy with Vasudeva, the rivers man. Their life is near to the end of the harmonization of the universe.

Poker Essay -- essays research papers

Poker Draw Vs. Hold em As the room fills with supergrass from cigars and cigarettes, I look across the table at the last bozo in the hand. I think to myself, Why did he just have words me? I just raised the pot $25 on cardinal pair. The other guy re-raised the pot a nonher $25. My heart is beating manage a freight train racing down the tracks, Im doing e reallything in my power to stop from sweating and Im try to keep my face stone cold straight as to not give myself away. Im pretty sure at this straits that this guy is trying buy the pot, but it still makes me nervous. I conciliate to call his raise and when the cards are turned over I realize that I had just made the right call. I won the pot and fought off his bluff. Poker is a card game that has been virtually for hundreds of years. Although the origin of the game and the name itself are debatable, the game of Poker is play more than any other card game in the wo rld. The scenario I explained took place during a game of pentad card Draw. This is a very popular rendition of Poker. Poker has evolved over the years and hence has numerous types of games that still fall under the Poker category. My favorite games are Five Card Draw and Texas Hold em. Both games are similar because they reach from the original game of Poker, involves betting, and using playing cards. They also differ because of the betting, the list of cards used and the way the cards are dealt. Five Card Draw is o...

Teaching Philosophy Statement Essays -- Education Teachers Essays

Teaching Philosophy controlIn the movie The Matrix, Morphis says to Neo I outhouse only line of battle you the door, I fecal mattert open it for you. The door that Morphis is talking or so is this incredible vast knowledge that is unknown to Neo. What better person to show, to teach, to declare Neo than his teacher, Morphis. You see, I see myself as Morphis, the teacher, whenever I step into a classroom. As I look across the room, there isnt fairish one Neo, scarce there are thirty or forty Neos. This is an extreme job for someone that understands how hard it is to open that door.I have always heard throughout my manners that the key to life is knowledge the key to success is knowledge. These are two different subjects that sight be touched upon. Knowledge is powerful, I do understand that and it throw out also take you places. When kids are in high school, they dont care somewhat school they care about what they look equal and who their friends are. They care about othe r peoples opinion upon themselves, not what they think about themselves. This is what I know about the teenage years. Its a vast change from having your mother buy your clothes, to worrying about whether or not you will be going to the prom.My subject celestial orbit that I have chosen is English. English can be cool, it can be fun, it can be educational. English is a subject that can present that door to opportunity that the teenagers dont know about. I am the person that can show the students that door. I want to be that teacher that they remember when they are 40 years old and inquire who brought them where they are today. I want them to say Hey that was Mr. Neal that showed me how this was done, he inspired me to go to college and get a good job.Now I understand that as an Engli... ... would have never believed that I would want to teach it. I cherished to teach science. Times changed my mind and I wanted to teach English. I know that as an English teacher, times in the clas sroom carry to be fun, creative, and the repetition of a story would not fulfill the take in to be expansive. I know that I am smart luxuriant to create a work plan that is different each and all(prenominal) day of the school year. My intelligence isnt what I pride myself in, but its the talent that was given to me, that situation that gives me a opportunity to represent new people and become a part of them. Its that notice to show somebody that door that only they can open up, that chance to inspire them to open that door. I want to be an influence in somebodys life, I want to be the teacher that do him or her learn, and see that it can be fun and that it just takes a little time. I am that teacher.

Durango Street :: essays research papers

Durango route     Durango Street is a novel by Frank Bonham. He writes astir(predicate) a young boy who lives in an extremely bad neighborhood. His pay heed is Rufus Henry. Rufus was in a correctional camp for stealing a car. In the camp he met a friend named foul up. Baby lived where Rufuss mother had moved. Baby got released a infinitesimal bit before Rufus and then went on to his household "the flats." Rufus was left out from camp with a parol officer. His parole officer tells him not to get involved with caboodles but Rufus knows he has to join a gang to survive. He runs into one of the local gangs The Gassers, and gets into a little fight with them and the attraction Simon Jones. He gets away in good condition, but knows that The Gassers are goin to be looking for him. So he finds his friend Baby and joins the gang The Moors. Rufus gets besiege up into the gang, and soon after takes over. He beats up the attractor Bantu. Rufus the takes co ntorl of the gang. The rival gang knows about this, and then beats up Rufuss little sister. Rufus then gets back at them and beats up the gang and blows up there car. He then meets up with a man named Alex Robbins. The man is a social worker who "sponsors" or helps gangs. They have meetings every workweek and talk about The Gassers and ideas they have. Alex suggests to go to the local football team (TheMaurders) and hold in them train. Little did Alex know is that Rufus has an obsession with their star running back Ernie Brown. Ernie is rattling Rufuss father, but no-one knows except Rufus and his mother. Simon Jones steals Rufuss book of Ernie Brown that he keeps in closed book and in provate. Simon then reads it in front of everyone how Ernie is really Rufuss father. This makes things with the gangs very hostile. The Moors then meet these two girls named Nonie and Jannet. They talk with the gang and convince them to throw a graduation bounce. The gang rounds up some money and has the jump. The Gassers try to deflower it by setting off smoke bombs in the ventalation systems, but the dance is not spoiled but turned out great. After the dance Rufus and Alex talk about Rufus going back to school, and they end off with a nice smile.

How Children Carry the Weight of Child Abuse Essay -- Long Term Impact

The spirits of children argon shattered, tender hearts scurvy with words, and singular bodies riddled and limp from abuse. Eyes that should glisten with wonder and excitement are enveloped with dismay and destruction. Fathers physically beat their little girls. Mothers leave newborns in locked cars, and some(a) parents degrade their children with verbal daggers. Child abuse is much more life-threatening than people inadequacy to believe. Child abuse comes in different forms neglect, physical, and verbal abuse. But what are even more serious are its effectuate inability to properly function in society, fear of trust, and a distressed self-esteem. We should all be there to help these children, by holding their hands, or even giving them a sincere smile.First, mortal who suffers from neglect or other abuse as a child very much has an inability to properly function in society. Parents who show little or no interest in their childrens lives make them feel unimportant and often acquaint a distorted view of love. Their parents tell them that they will be at their basketball game and then fail to show up. They put social events, their jobs, or even their own lifestyle before their children. This continual numeral open fire cause the child to grow up feeling that they can depend on no one and that they are unworthy of love. They puddle problems making or even keeping friends, because they feel they will forever be let down. Often in adulthood they tend to oer compensate the loss they felt in their own life into their childs. They live heaven and earth, often to their own neglect, to be at every activity. They live on driven by their own loss inside. Others who bind gone through and through this often dont know how to love or even care for someone else in a relationship. Their parents ... ...think about her and tries to act exactly like they want her to. It is as if she is like glass you have to be very minute about what you say to her, because she could break and fall to pieces at any moment. contaminating remarks, time and time again, often leave people with a broken backbone, a shattered self-esteem. This part of them, the part that makes them believe in themselves, unremarkably never heals to the fullest.People need to be aware that what happens to children, as they are growing up, can affect them in many different ways. Children should have wonderful memories of their life, but unfortunately the ones that suffered from abuse growing up, still repugn today. The memory of the mind works in mysterious ways and often never allows one to forget the past. They struggle throughout their life in dealing with society, fear of trust, and a broken self-esteem.

Terrorism: Media Simplistically Portrays War as Good vs. Evil :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Media Simplistically Portrays War as Good vs. Evil The morning of September 11, 2001, forget be a communal memory for many around the world. On this morning, peace was threatened by terrorist act on United States scandal and the U.S. declared contend in defense of peace. The majority of television, print, and internet media insurance coverage of these events have focused around a discussion of straightforward vs. evil. In this paper, I will address ways in which hegemonic and counterhegemonic forms of media have contributed to the discussion of good vs. evil at war. The depiction of good (us) vs. evil (them) in the media has justified war in the name of peace. The United States first optic of good vs. evil came with television broadcast statements from the leaders of this war. From this, the American mankind ascertained that the evil guys are led by Osama bin plastered who promised that America will not live in peace1 sitting atop a rock outside a cave. In turn, the good guys are led by chairperson George W. Bush who, from his strap chair in the White House, asserted We are at war with terrorism.2 These broadcasts became proof for many that they attacked peace therefore we were justified in declaring war. President Bush extended this belief by reminding the American public that, If youre not with us, youre against us.3 This statement called all of America to war against terrorism Bushs comment implied that those in opposition are the enemy. As i of the most accessible forms of news, television has become the most muscular form of social pedagogy. With few exceptions, television has succeeded in perpetuating and legitimizing a hegemonic good vs. evil mentality where we are good and they are bad. One could palisade that few have sufficient media literacy skills to deconstruct dominant messages put forth by the majority of television networks. Conversely, internet and print media have, on much occasions, provided counterhegemonic alternative readings on the September 11 events. One can motionlessness visit mainstream websites such as NBC, ABC, FOX, and CNN to view hegemonic references of good vs. evil. A serial publication of clicks on ones mouse can take a web surfer from photos of candlelight vigils and Twin Tower donation centers to sites where one can watch Powell and Bush, singing calypso, about the demise of Osama Bin sloshed as well as play an interactive torture plot of ground on the leader of evil4.

Maus :: essays research papers

Maus is one of the most celebrated of recent graphic novels. Winner of the prestigious Pulitzer prize for literature, its the harrowing on-key story of a Jewish holocaust survivor, retold to his son decades later.The story has dickens main threads. The foremost is the true story of Holocaust survivor Vladek Spiegelmans experiences as a young Jewish man during the horrors leading up to and including his exertion in Auschwitz. The second intertwining story is intimately Vladek as an old man, sex act his history to his son Art, the author of the book, and the complicated relationship between the devil of them. Its a difficult process for both father and son, as Vladek tries to bring sense of his twighlight years, indelibly marked by his experiences and a slave to the processes he had to resort to in order to shake it through. On this level, its also about Art, as he comes to terms with what his father went through, while still decision the more irritating aspects of his father s personality difficult to live with.Maus uses anthropomorphic characters, development different species of animal to represent the different characters race or nationality - Jews atomic number 18 mice, Germans are cats, Americans are dogs and the Polish are pigs. This doesnt always quite work, though Spiegleman is acutely aware of this as he struggles with whether or not to make his French wife, converted to Judaism before they got married, into a mouse or slightly other species. Please dont instantly dismiss this as childish hogwash though - it owes more to Animal Farm than Mickey Mouse.Its a execrable tale, as although Vladek survives the Holocaust, the shadow of the great swathe of humanity that was butchered by the national socialist killing factories hangs over the entire book. It is also haunted by the ghosts of Vladeks first wife Anja and their son Richieu the former surviving Auchwitz but eventually committing suicide, the latter(prenominal) not making it out of Poland .This book, originally a two meretriciousness work is now available in an excellent complete edition in the UK, which binds both chilling volumes into one and is an excellent way for new readers to go far hold of this classic work of literature.

A Tale of Two Cities Essays: The French Revolution :: Tale Two Cities Essays

France and England in A tommyrot of twain Cities - The French Revolution   Introduction In the eighteen-fifties, Charles Dickens was pertain that social problems in England, particularly those relating to the condition of the poor, might provoke a mass reaction on the scale of the French Revolution. In a letter written in 1855, for example, he refers to the unrest of the time as follows I remember the discontent to be so much the worse for smouldering, instead of blazing openly, that it is extremely like the general mind of France forrader the breaking out of the first Revolution, and is in danger of being sour into such a devil of a conflagration as neer has been beheld since. (qtd. in I. Collins 42) At the beginning of A Tale of Two Cities (1859), Dickens once again expresses his concern. The novel opens in 1775, with a similitude of England and pre-revolutionary France. While drawing parallels between the two countries, Dickens also alludes to his have got time "the period was so far like the present period, that some(a) of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the flush degree of comparison only" (1 bk. 1, ch. 1). The rest of the chapter shows that Dickens regarded the condition to be an evil one, since he depicts both countries as rife with poverty, injustice, and violence due to the irresponsibility of the ruling elite (1-3 bk. 1, ch. 1). As the novel unfolds, however, England becomes a safe harbor for those escaping the violence perpetrated by the French Revolution. In this paper, I shall argue that A Tale of Two Cities reflects the popular confidence in the stability of England in the eighteen-fifties, despite Dickenss suggestions at the beginning. A Tale of Two Cities thus becomes a novel about the England and the English of Dickenss time. And yet, many people today would believe that the novel is essentially about the French Revolution, which brings me to my second point. If in the 19th century the novel served to affirm the stability of Britain, in this century it has been greatly influential in the formation of the popular image of the French Revolution, in the first place thanks to film and television adaptations. The purpose of this paper is to look at the popular reception of the novel from the time of its first publication in 1859 to the nineteen-nineties.

Shakers :: essays research papers

Amish DocumentaryI. TitleThe AmishDate12/23/04Time1230 libraryWest Linn Public LibraryII.I have heard very little of the Amish people. I forever visitm to hear jokes made some them and conversations almost how crazy they argon for not using electricity. I decided that I actually wanted to learn about them to test the validity of the comments I hear.III.Besides the fact that Amish where black, flat hats and dont use electricity, I know zilch about the Amish.IV.In this documentary the filmmakers got a hold of a very articulate old Amish man. I enjoyed hearing him speak about what his manners was like as a child. He explained a lot of things about his family and how they lived. There were several accounts of certain activities that they would do. For instance, after church the boys would get together and play this ball game where one would try to hit separate with a hard ball. I would not expect that some separate Amish cultures would do this, yet they argon implying in t he video that this is what all the Amish are like. There were also many stories told that showed just how strict these people were and how virtually they followed their religion. The documentary stated that in order for the Amish to still make a living, more modernized tools had to be used. One of the ones recently accepted was the cable railway car that milked cows mechanically. Without this, the Amish man explained, the Amish could not get by. The man also explained that his family and other families in his community would ask neighbors to take them in a car somewhere on occasion. Also, as time progressed, the Amish were allowed to use pay phones set(p) outside of the village. I think it was great the filmmakers could get a bloodline like this, but I only really heard about the religion/ lifestyle via one persons stories. I am sure that many of the things his family or community did were not the same as every iodin other Amish family or community. Also, I constantly recognized footage that I had seen before, in that same film. They were obviously just looking at one specialised community. If in that location are thousand of different Amish people out there, there must be hundreds of different interpretations of the religion. I would have liked to see a different community and see how they lived to see if the Amish really were homogeneous everywhere or if each community was unique.