The Fifth Symphony By Ludwig Van Beethoven - 1561 Words

I have chosen to share three of my favorite pieces. Each piece is different by genre, artist, style, and time. These three pieces should be familiar to most of the populations’ ears. I tried to choose different types of pieces because I do not like to listen to the same artists or genre. My personal musical taste is a variety of genres and choosing the three pieces represents my musical mixture. The Fifth Symphony composed by Ludwig Van Beethoven is one of my favorite classical pieces. Beethoven was a famous deaf composer and the most leading influential musical figure in the Romantic era. The Fifth Symphony was written between 1804 and 1808. Beethoven held a concert to debut his pieces, but it did not go as well as planned. The audience was bored and tired from sitting in the auditorium too long that their interest level decreased. It was not until a critic by the name of E.T.A Hoffmann wrote a review analyzing the symphony, in order to show his readers the particular affects Beethoven used to create his music. The symphony soon began its popular status as being the central item in that time period. The overall expression of this piece is about the struggle against inner soul searching and winning the battle. Some listeners might perceive the following events: an encounter with a force or struggle, a period of quiet soul searching, followed by a further wrestling with the blocking barrier, and a victory over the combat while listening to this piece. I do not believe thatShow MoreRelatedComposer Report: Ludwig Van Beethoven Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesComposer report: Ludwig van Beethoven On 17 December 1770, Ludwig van Beethoven was born. He was an amazing and great classical musical composer. He is known for being the most famous composer of the classical and romantic periods of music. According to the â€Å"Enjoyment of Music† manual, Beethoven was born in Bohn, Germany. His father, with his grandfather, was the two singers at the court of a local prince, Friedrich Max. (Forney and Machlis 197). Beethoven began to take an interest in music fromRead MoreThe Revelation Of Beethovens Childhood1617 Words   |  7 PagesLife as it was for Beethoven had many varying elements, and this research paper will be revealing a lot of what he went through as a young boy all the way to the end of his life and career as the world renowned Ludwig van Beethoven. The basis for this paper is to express and expound on the life and career of Beethoven, and why he was seen as part of the pivotal transition between the Classical and Romantic eras. The topics that will be discussed will be the revelation of Beethoven’s childhood andRead MoreThe Classical Era And The Age Of Enlightenment1123 Words   |  5 PagesLudwig Van Beethoven was a musical masterpiece. He never let problems interfere with his work. He was born in the baroque period, lives a life of fifty-four years, and contributed so much romance in his life although never being married or having kids. Beethoven is well known for hi s work and will forever be known as a Romantic influencer. Beethoven dedicated his whole life to his music. He never let bad situations fully tear him apart from writing and playing music. The historical period that LudwigRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven, Composer Of All Time, And For Good Reason1459 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig van Beethoven is perhaps the most well known composer of all time, and for good reason. Born in the Classical era, Beethoven composed music that people could connect to and feel in a way that they had never experienced before. Beethoven was a great musical innovator as a result of his work as a composer, his assistance in the transition from the Classical era to the Romantic era of music, and his famous Ninth Symphony. Ludwig van Beethoven was born on either December 16th or 17th in the yearRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven1210 Words   |  5 PagesLife of a Legend Ludwig van Beethoven, also known as The General of Musicians, was born on December 16, 1770. However, this date is not exact because it is believed that Beethovens father lied about his sons age in order to portray him as an infant prodigy. As a result, Beethoven is convinced he was born on December 16, 1772 at the Rheingasse home, which belonged to the Fischers, who were close friends of the family (Orga 8). Johann van and Maria Magdalena Beethoven bore five childrenRead MoreEssay about Life of Ludwig van Beethoven1182 Words   |  5 PagesLife of Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven, also known as â€Å" The General of Musicians,† was born on December 16, 1770. However, this date is not exact because it is believed that Beethoven’s father lied about his son’s age in order to portray him as an infant prodigy. As a result, Beethoven is convinced he was born on December 16, 1772 at the Rheingasse home, which belonged to the Fischers, who were close friends of the family (Orga 8). Johann van and Maria Magdalena BeethovenRead MoreBiography of Ludwig van Beethoven746 Words   |  3 Pagescontributions brought by Ludwig van Beethoven. He was one of the most influential German composer and pianist of all time. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany on December 16, 1770. His mother was a singer in the service and his father was a court musician. His father noticed that Beethoven had a skill at a young age, and began teaching him piano and violin. Beethoven was a hard learner, self-involved and impatient. Gottlob Neefe, become young Beethoven’s mentor, he thought Beethoven was the next MozartRead MoreMusic: Ludwig Van Beethoven1670 Words   |  7 Pagesexpressiveness music is Ludwig van Beethoven. He was a musical genius whose composed some of the most influential pieces of music ever written. During the Classical period, Beethoven’s compositions were the expression as one of the most powerful musical personalities. Although Beethoven wa s influenced by most of the famous composers such as Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, etc. but he was also innovated new techniques that will be seen in the next music period. Beethoven built a musical bridgeRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven : The First Four Notes1432 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig van Beethoven Do you think you could identify a composer’s work is the first four notes of their piece? A note sequence of short, short, short, long describes one of the most iconic classical symphonies of all time. For most people in the world this German composer has made that possible with the amount of success he achieved in his career. This composer has influenced generations of music makers and listeners from the 1800’s to today. Undoubtingly one of the most influential, well-knownRead MoreThe Greatest Composer Of All Time1386 Words   |  6 Pages but Beethoven is the greatest composer of all time. Everyone has heard the name Beethoven before. Why is he one of the greatest composer of all time? The answer is easy. He influenced so many composers after he died. Just like how Michael Jackson influenced other artists when he passed away. He made a huge impacted during the classical period and to the world. His music was influenced into the next centuries, and he is considered t o be the best composer of all time. Ludwig Van Beethoven was born

Uruk - Mesopotamian Capital City in Iraq

The ancient Mesopotamian capital of Uruk is located on an abandoned channel of the Euphrates river about 155 miles south of Baghdad. The site includes an urban settlement, temples, platforms, ziggurats, and cemeteries enclosed in a fortification ramp almost ten kilometers in circumference. Uruk was occupied as early as the Ubaid period, but began to show its importance in the late 4th millennium BC, when it included an area of 247 acres and was the largest city in the Sumerian civilization. By 2900 BC, during the Jemdet Nasr period, many Mesopotamian sites were abandoned but Uruk included nearly 1,000 acres, and it must have been the largest city in the world. Uruk was a capital city of various importance for the Akkadian, Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian, and Seleucid civilizations, and was abandoned only after AD 100. Archaeologists associated with Uruk include William Kennet Loftus in the mid-nineteenth century, and a series of German archaeologists from the Deutsche Oriente-Gesellschaft including Arnold NÃ ¶ldeke. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com Guide to Mesopotamia and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology. Goulder J. 2010. Administrators bread: an experiment-based re-assessment of the functional and cultural role of the Uruk bevel-rim bowl. Antiquity 84(324351-362). Johnson, GA. 1987. The changing organization of Uruk Administration on the Susiana Plain. In The Archaeology of Western Iran: settlement and society from prehistory to the Islamic Conquest. Frank Hole, ed. Pp. 107-140. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. --- 1987. Nine thousand years of social change in western Iran. In The Archaeology of Western Iran: settlement and society from prehistory to the Islamic Conquest. Frank Hole, ed. Pp. 283-292. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. Rothman, M. 2004. Studying the development of complex society: Mesopotamia in the late fifth and fourth millennia BC. Journal of Archaeological Research 12(1):75-119. Also Known As: Erech (Judeo-Christian bible), Unu (Sumerian), Warka (Arabic). Uruk is the Akkadian form.

15 Adorable Dog Quotes

Ever wonder why dogs and puppies are considered cute animals, while a snake or a bat doesnt necessarily evoke the same emotion within us? While dogs have been known to be mans best friend since the beginning of civilization, their cuteness is natures way of endearing them to humans. Evolution has wired humans in such a way that humans find their own offspring cute. The big head, big round eyes, tiny limbs, and toothless grin of a little baby look so cute to us that parents would happily nurse their babies till they grow up. In 1943,  ethologist Konrad Lorenz in his  research proposed his theory about  baby schema, the science behind cuteness in animals. The baby schema is a set of infantile features that are perceived as cute and motivates caretaking behavior in humans. By the same logic, animals that have  physical features that fit human parameters of cuteness trigger the protective instinct. In medical terms, it is the baby schema that activates the  mesocorticolimbic  pathway of our neurological system, which activates the caretaking instincts in humans. So if you find dogs cute, that is only  because nature has designed us to want to extend our caring love towards dogs and puppies. If you love dogs, here are 15 cute dog quotes. Share them with your dog and watch him wag his tail in agreement. 15 Cute Dog Quotes Mark Twain: If you pick up a starving dog and make him prosperous, he will not bite you; that is the principal difference between a dog and a man. Josh Billings: A dog is the only thing on earth that will love you more than you love yourself. Ann Landers: Dont accept your dogs admiration as conclusive evidence that you are wonderful. Jonathan Safran Foer: Why does watching a dog be a dog fill one with happiness? Kristan Higgins: When an eighty-five-pound mammal licks your tears away, then tries to sit on your lap, it’s hard to feel sad. Charles M. Schulz: Happiness is a warm puppy. Phil Pastoret: If you think dogs can’t count, try putting three dog biscuits in your pocket and then giving Fido only two of them. Gilda Radner: I think dogs are the most amazing creatures; they give unconditional love. For me, they are the role model for being alive. Edith Wharton: My little dog—a heartbeat at my feet. Abraham Lincoln: I care not for a mans religion whose dog and cat are not the better for it. Henry David Thoreau: When a dog runs at you, whistle for him. Roger Caras: Dogs are not our whole life, but they make our lives whole. Ben Williams: There is no psychiatrist in the world like a puppy licking your face. J. R. Ackerley: A dog has one aim in life... to bestow his heart. Karel Capek: If dogs could talk, perhaps we would find it as hard to get along with them as we do with people.

The Obesity Epidemic Of Obesity - 2053 Words

Over the last 15 years the rise in obesity has reached global epidemic proportions (World Health Organisation (WHO), 2015). Obesity is defined as an â€Å"abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health.† Body Mass Index (BMI) is a common tool used to measure a person s weight in kilograms divided by their height in meters squared (kg/m2) (WHO, 2015). An individual with a BMI greater than or equal to 30 is considered clinically obese (WHO, 2015). However this may not be the most valid way of measuring obesity as it does not take into account muscle which weighs considerable more than fat (WHO, 2015). The National Health Service (NHS) therefore recommends using waist circumference as a more valid measurement of body fat (NHS,†¦show more content†¦Research indicates that in the Western world, there are three primary factors that have caused a rise in obesity; overconsumption of energy dense foods in large portions (Ello-Martin, 2005) poverty (James, 2008) and sedentary lifestyles including reduced physical activity (Chaput et al, 2010). These three factors have contributed to an imbalance between energy consumption and energy expenditure. This is also mirrored in the developing world as they have adopted an increasingly westernised lifestyle with the Middle East, Pacific Islands, Southeast Asia and China facing the greatest threat (Hossain et al, 2007). It appears that the most common cause of the obesity epidemic is the overconsumption of energy dense foods in large portions. Foods produced in large quantities tend to be of poor quality and high in both calories and saturated fat. Energy dense foods are tastier, cheaper, and more readily accessible. Ready meals from supermarkets have also seen a massive growth and alongside it, a substantial rise in the intake of fat. Packaged food that is found on supermarket shelves is often high in saturated fat, sugar and salt. Ello-Martin, Ledikwe, and Rolls 2005 state that â€Å"Fat increases the energy density of a food to a greater extent than either carbohydrate or protein.† Studies that have shown that

U.S. and Norway Leadership Styles Essay - 1301 Words

As we all know, leadership is very important. However, its effects are not always visible. In crises, high quality leadership tends to be both visible and decisive for a positive outcome. Leadership requirements and expectations change over time, responsibilities and roles must be review at regular intervals. In all nations and countries today, good leadership is important on day-to-day bases. Leadership involves working together with employees, their organizations and other parties to achieve results. Most leadership functions and roles vary according to level, framework conditions, and type of responsibility, competence requirements, and degree of autonomy. After doing research we have come to realize that different cultures have†¦show more content†¦Most Norwegian leaders tend to have an informal, inclusive, supportive, and non-authoritarian leadership style. They give their staff considerable autonomy and opportunities to participate actively in the solution of tasks and the development of processes in the workplace. In comparison to the Norway style of leadership, the U.S. has several similarities but after employed in the U.S., we have saw things differently. After doing research, we found out that the U.S. holds leaders and CEO’s to high standards. Leaders are building blocks of the organization in the U.S. The most effective men and women who are leaders are those who can competently organize the cooperation and assistance of other people to accomplish goals and objectives. A leader performs five basic functions: Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. At all the levels of being a leader the leader have to be able to perform one or more of these leadership functions. Most leaders’ main role is to achieve effective utilization of resources in an organization. He/she achieves so through coordinated human efforts. A leader has a very important role to play in achieving organizational objectives. Everyone is responsible for aligning the individuals objectives with the organizational objectives. This is very essential for achieving long-term organizational success. Most U.S. leaders feel as if effective leadership is a personal role that requires the blending ofShow MoreRelatedDifferent Definitions Of Leadership And Leadership1503 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership: Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individual to achieve a common goal (pp5). However, there are many different definitions of leadership as there are people who have tried to define it because the word can have different meaning for different people. Leadership is similar to the management in many ways because they both involve influence, concerned with effective goal and work with people. Leadership helps to produce change and movement by establishingRead MoreLeadership And Hofstedes Six Dimensions1493 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and Hofstede s Six Dimensions The Hofstede six dimension model s a study or theory, put forth by Professor Geer Hofstede, on how values in the work place are influenced by cultural differences around the world. The Model analyzes different countries on a scale from one to a hundred in six of the different categories. The categories in the model include; Power Distance Index, Individualism versus Collectivism, Masculinity versus Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance Index, Long Term OrientationRead MoreWhole Foods Market in Norway3916 Words   |  16 Pagescompany. Local stores domestically and internationally administer operations and values chains set by headquarters. With stores operating actively within the United Kingdom and Canada, a similar approach will be used towards its expansion into Bergen, Norway. As an international company, Whole Market Foods retains overarching control of its stores. A board of directors is elected by the shareholders to oversee the management of the company, its financial busine ss and is responsible for monitoring managementRead MoreParenting Styles And Family Relationships2529 Words   |  11 PagesParenting styles have been researched in many different journals and their role in the promotion of healthy child attachment to family, friends and social settings. In particular this review will focus on parenting styles and their correlation to parent-child attachment. The review will focus on the four main parenting styles authoritarian, authoritative, permissive and neglect and examine the effectiveness of these parenting styles on parent-child attachment. Then the review will further examineRead MoreCrew Resource Management Has Come a Long Way but Still Has More to Go2528 Words   |  11 PagesIn several studies of aviation mishaps, human error has been cited as the primary cause of the majority of these mishaps. The main problems of these human errors were failures in interpersonal communication, leadership, and decision making in the flight deck (or c ockpit). With this in mind and the need to improve on air safety, Crew Resource Management was developed. We will define CRM and then continue further to define subsequent automations and questionnaires that have developed through CRMRead MoreEmotional Intel Essay3794 Words   |  16 Pagesinformation regarding effects of globalization on the economy and the culture of the Norway, during the past few years. Five sets of research questions were used to form the bases of the paper. The intent is to illiterate the cultural dynamics and business culture of the Country. Knowledge of the influence of culture and business practices will assist one with understanding globalization as it pertains to Norway. Using the information in this paper, individuals like consultants and managers whoRead MoreEssay on Leadership used by Conrad Hilton3135 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Name Professor Course Date Leadership Styles Used by Conrad Hilton Conrad Nicholson Hilton was an American hotelier and founder of the Hilton Hotel chain (Alef 2009). Hilton was born on 25th December 1887 in the city of San Antonio, New Mexico Territory. His father, Augustus Halvorsen Hilton, was an immigrant from Norway and his mother, Mary Genevieve, was an American of German descent and a devout catholic. He had eight siblings; Eva Hilton, Felice Hilton, Carl Hilton, Rosemary Hilton, HelenRead MoreBarack Obama3987 Words   |  16 Pagescommunity organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He also worked as civil-rights lawyer and teacher before pursuing a political career. He was later elected to the Illinois State Senate in 1996, serving from 1997 to 2004. He was elected to the U.S. presidency in 2008. President Obama continues to enact policy changes in response to the issues of health care and economic crisis. Early Life Obama was born on August 4, 1961, at KapiÊ »olani Maternity amp; Gynecological Hospital (now KapiÊ »olaniRead MoreCultural Foundations Of Denmark And Their Effects On Business Environment2846 Words   |  12 PagesThis paper aims to define cultural foundations in Denmark, and examine their effects on various business practices in this country from management practices to communication, conflict management, performance appraisal, leadership styles, relationship between managers and employees, ethical behavior, and motivation and reward systems. Understanding the basis of the culture helps to form better business relationships, effectively communicate with companies and workers in this country, and become aRead MoreImpact of Culture on Negotiating Styles: in Relation1935 Words   |  8 PagesImpact of Culture on Negotiating Styles: in Relation to Hofstede’s Dimensions of National Culture Abstract An effective business negotiation is very significant in achieving a successful business relationship. As the businesses expand globally, so do the conflicts between the interacting parties. These conflicts only get amplified if the interacting parties are from different cultural background. An individual s cultural background plays a big role in his perception, which affects his

Enlightenment Essay Example For Students

Enlightenment Essay During the eighteenth century, Europeans experienced the dawning of an age ofknowledge, reasoning, and of great scientific achievements. Their views towardnew discoveries and advancements were optimistic. People began to turn toscience for a better understanding of their world and their society. Literatureand essays were commonly used to express their hopes for further developments insociety, politics, economy, and education. I. Individuals A. John Locke 1) EssayConcerning Human Understanding (1690) a) Regarded the human mind of a person asa blank slate. b) Did not believe in intuition or theories of innate conceptions2) Two Treatise of Government. a) Attacked the theory of divine right of Kings. b) Argued that sovereignty did not reside in the state but with the people. 3)Some thoughts concerning education. a) Recommended practical learning to preparepeople b) Lockes curriculum included conversational learning of foreignlanguages, especially French, mathematics, history, physical education, andgames. B. Rene Descartes 1) Descartess philosophy, sometimes calledCartesianism. a) Elaborate explanations of a number of physical phenomena. 2)Physiology a) Part of human blood was a subtle fluid, that he called animalspirits. 3) Study of Optics a) Fundamental law of reflection: that the angle ofincidence is equal to the angle of reflection. b) Paved the way for theudulatory theory of light. 4) Mathematics a) Systematization of analyticgeometry. b) First mathematician to attempt to classify curves according to thetypes of equations that produce them. c) Made contributions to the theory ofequations. d) First to use the last letters of the alphabet to designate unknownquantities and the first letters to designate known ones. e) Invented the methodof indices (as in x2) to express the powers of numbers. f) Formulated the rulefor finding the number of positive and negative roots for any algebraicequation. C. Sir Isaac Newton 5) Mathematics a) Calculus: Generalized methodsbeing used to draw tangents to curves and to calculate the area swept by curves6) Optics a) Opticks: Sunlight is a heterogeneous blend of different rays?eachof which represents a different color -and that reflections and refractionscause colors to appear by separating the blend into its components. b)Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica 7) Also showed interest in alchemy,mysticism, and theology D. Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet) 1) La Henriade (TheHenriad) 2) Two essays, one on epic poetry and the other on the history of civilwars in France. 3) Lettres Philosophiques (The Philosophical Letters, 1734) 1. Acovert attack upon the political and ecclesiastical institutions of France. 4)?lements d e la philosophie de Newton (Elements of the Philosophy of Newton) 5)Po?me de Fontenoy (1745), describing a battle won by the French over theEnglish during the War of the Austrian Succession. 6) Si?cle de Louis XIV, ahistorical study of the period of Louis XIV. 7) Essai sur lhistoire g?n?raleet sur les moeurs et lesprit des nations (Essay on General History and on theCustoms and the Character of Nations, 1756) a. Decries supernaturalism anddenounces religion and the power of the clergy, although he makes evident hisown belief in the existence of God. 8) Le d?sastre de Lisbonne (The LisbonDisaster, 1756); a number of satirical and philosophical novels 9) He rejectedeverything irrational and incomprehensible and called upon his contemporaries toact against intolerance, tyranny, and superstition. E. Denis Diderot 1) Pens?esphilosophiques (1746), which stated his deist philosophy. 2) Encyclop?die oudictionnaire raisonn? des sciences, des arts et des metiers, which is usuallyknown as the Encyclop?die a) French translation of the English Cyclopaedia byEphraim Chambers b) Used the Encyclop?die as a powerful propaganda weaponagainst Ecclesiastical authority and the superstition, conservatism, andsemifeudal social forms of the time. 3) La religieuse (The Nun, 1796), an attackon convent life. 4) Le neveu de Rameau (1805; translated as Rameaus Nephew) F. .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2 , .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2 .postImageUrl , .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2 , .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2:hover , .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2:visited , .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2:active { border:0!important; } .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2:active , .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2 .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uebba17a1b94433e29de10acfb5ea71e2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Twan EssayJean Jacques Rousseau 1) French philosopher, social and political theorist,musician, botanist, and one of the most eloquent writers of the Age ofEnlightenment.) 2) Discourse on the Origin of Inequality Among Mankind 3)Expounded the view that science, art, and social institutions have corruptedhumankind and that the natural, or primitive, state is morally superior to thecivilized state 4) The Social Contract 5) Developed a case for civil liberty andhelped prepare the ideological background of the French Revolution by defendingthe popular will against divine right. 6) ?mile a) expounded a new theory ofeducation emphasizing the importance of expression rather than r epression toproduce a well-balanced, freethinking child. 7) The New Heloise and Confessionsintroduced a new style of extreme emotional expression, concern with intensepersonal experience, and exploration of the conflicts between moral and sensualvalues. The Age of Enlightenment proposed ideas of reformation, and greaterhuman advancement. Europeans ideas of education, society, and politics wereoptimistic. Their works of art, literature, and science, helped pave the way forfuture advancements. BibliographyAge of Enlightenment, Microsoft? Encarta? Encyclopedia 99 ReneDescartes Microsoft? Encarta? Encyclopedia 99 John Locke Microsoft?Encarta? Encyclopedia 99 Sir Isaac Newton Microsoft? Encarta? Encyclopedia99 Buckler, John, Bennett D. Hill and John P. McKay. A History of WesternSociety, A. 6th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999. Age ofEnlightenment http://www.EuroHist.org

Autism Foundations of Research Inquiry in Health

Question: Can autistic children improve their daily life from dance lessons? Answer: Children with autism have difficulty in communication and socially interacting with others. They fail to form the social responses and do not have the relation building ability. Some of the behaviors exhibited by them include response failure, no eye contact and ignoring. Therefore, they fail to develop the social skills and cannot perform group activities. They also cannot express their feelings and expressions and cannot understand the same of others. Research studies have shown that increasing the interaction of the children suffering from autism spectrum disorders can improve their communication and social interaction skills. Utilization of dance pads in association with the strategy of response stimulation helps the children with autism in performing the activity of walking. The dance pad had been so modified into the detector of foot tapping which can be used to detect the responses of the participant. Therefore, the present study aims at the improvement of the daily life of the children suffering from autism with the help of dance and other related activities. Method The methodology of the present study was based on three related research articles, which aimed at improving the daily life of the children with autism and the methods that can be implemented to achieve this objective. The methods were based on practical applications, which were interpretations of the theoretical aspect of the issues that the children with autism face in their daily lives. Shih et al. (2014) performed a study on the children with autism spectrum disorders to help them in the walking activity by the utilization of the dance pads, which were combined with an environmental stimulation. The study comprised of four students who were divided into two groups. Out of the two participants in each group, one was suffering from autism and the other had an intellectual disability. All the participants were students of the senior high school. The equipment used for the study included two dance pads which were connected to the computer having the software for detecting the responses of the participants. The dance pads were used as walking panels where the participants were expected to walk collaboratively. Up to three sessions were conducted every day during the study period with an individual session of 3 minutes. The activity was conducted in the school of the participants where they are quite familiar and they can be comfortable with the study. The baseline phase included two phases and the participants performed three sessions during this period. The intervention phase had two phases with eleven sessions. Activation of the preferred simulation was done for investigating the intervention effects. Bhatara et al. (2009) conducted a research work to study how music can have its impact on the adolescents suffering from autism. Two groups were formed for the study which included thirty-three children initially, who were later joined with forty-six others from different sources and of different age. The participants qualified the WASI (Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence). Then they were screened based on their demands of the auditory temporal. Stimuli were measured by the paradigm of animations. Matching the music with the animation and then doing the reverse was the aim of the study. In addition, silent and music animations were employed for the study. The participants visualized all the animations, which were divided into two blocks. The first block included 8 animations which were silent and the second block included 10 animations which had music accompanied. The presentation order was random and counterbalanced. The dependent variables were description length, music mat ching, description appropriateness and intentionality presence. The diagnosis was the independent variable. Chaplin Norton (2015) conducted a study on the mind of the children and their performance desire. 159 children from middle-class families participated in the study. The study comprised of interviewing the children on an individual basis. The children were asked to perform a theory of mind and a preference task. The order of the theory of mind task was counterbalanced. The preference task involved four activities providing the students with random options like dancing and singing without music. The nonperformance tasks were circling of red shapes and coloring in a square on a given page. Out of these, two options had to be chosen and completed by the children, which was supervised by the experimenter. Finally, dancing and singing were selected as the performance behaviors. The theory of mind tasks involved three tasks, which were the cookie box test for the misleading container, the social test of the duck and the lion, and the false belief task of Sally and Anne. The participants we re expected to pass the test and control questions for scoring a point. Results The results of the experiment conducted by Shih et al. (2014) suggested that the collaborative walking rate for the first group was 14.67 during the first phase of the baseline. However, with the introduction of stimulation in the first phase of intervention, the mean rate was found to be 151.82 and an increase was noted. The second phase of baseline recorded a drop to 40.00, which was followed by an increase in the second phase of intervention in the mean rate, which was recorded as 170.46. For the second group, the first phase of baseline recorded a mean rate of 16.00 whereas the first phase of intervention recorded a marked increase to 157.36. The second phase of baseline recorded a drop to 23.33 in the mean rate and recorded an increase during the second phase of intervention to 178.36. The results, however, suggested that the participants of both the groups had reduced willingness to perform the walking in a collaborative manner, which significantly increased in the intervention phase. The variation in the two phases of intervention and baseline was quite significant. The results of the study conducted by Bhatara et al. (2009) were based on the various methods performed during the study. For music matching, ANOVA was performed on a two-way repeated basis on the ratings with animation as a factor of within subject and diagnosis as a factor of between subjects. The results for the diagnostic groups had no significant differences in the ratings whereas there were significant differences in the ratings for the animation groups. The length of the scores of description was determined by performing ANOVA on a three-way repeated basis. Animation was the factor of within-subject and diagnosis were the factors of between-subjects. The main effects of both these groups were also very significant. The appropriateness scores were measured by performing ANOVA on a three was repeated basis. Animation was the factor of within subject and diagnosis were the factors of between subjects. However, the main effects were significant for animation and not significant fo r diagnosis. The other results obtained were of intentionality, subgroups within the spectrum of autism and verbal IQ. For all these, the significance of the animation and diagnosis factors varied as per the performance of the groups. For the study conducted by Chaplin Norton (2015), age was found to be not a decisive factor for choosing to dance or sing. About 31.2% of the children, who were 3 years old and 18.8% who were 4 years old selected both dancing and singing as the activity of their choice. On the contrary, none of the children of the same age opted to do either of the activities. In addition, it was true for the elder participants to avoid the coloring and circling tasks as well. Bootstrapping procedures were employed to infer the self-esteem and theory of mind roles to find the relation between performance and age. The model of partial mediation was found to be superior to the non-mediation and the full mediation models. So four models of partial mediation were employed to obtain the results. The third model of partial mediation was found to be the best fit and suggested that theory of mind was related to age positively whereas self-esteem was related to theory of mind much negatively and significantl y. Discussion From the literature review and research articles, a number of facts regarding the children suffering from autism came to the forefront. Children suffering from autism have reduced abilities in communication and relationship establishment with others. Activities, which can help in increasing the communication and coordination, which can help the children with autism, increase the interaction socially. Several methods and ideas have been worked on and developed to help the children suffering from autism. Shih et al. (2014) designed their experiment to determine whether the children with autism can walk collaboratively with their partners on the dance pads. To increase the probability of collaboration, two dance pads were utilized. During the baseline phase, it was observed that the performance willingness was low among the participants. While the intervention phase indicated a marked rise in the willingness as their stimulation of preference was provided. Therefore, from the study, it was deduced that the dance pads with preferred stimulation could improve the collaborative walking ability among the children suffering from autism. Since the experiment had satisfactory results, there is a possibility further expanding the limits of the study. In addition, it can be predicted that performing the study in a different environment with increased participants may result in varied results. From the study conducted by Bhatara et al. (2009), it was analyzed that the children suffering from autism lack the ability to coordinate the visual and auditory information which includes the linguistic information processing. More response was obtained from the children suffering from autism in case of animations, which were accompanied with the music. They also successfully coordinated the audio and visual responses, which is a lacking ability among the children suffering from autism. The description of the music related animations was less when compared with the descriptions given by the participants for the silent animations. Therefore it was assessed that music can be a source of confliction in case of the perception of the participants of the visual animations. The descriptions of the participants regarding the theory of mind resulted in the intentionality decrease when music was added. Music, in this case, acted as a source of distraction and conflict. From the studies of Chaplin Norton (2015), it was deduced that the theory of mind can assist the children in elevating their self-esteem. As the children attain maturity, it has been seen that their performance desire decreases. It was also seen that the performance desire begins at the age of four and continues until the age of puberty, as they develop lower self-esteem. Theory of mind may also be related to the decrease in the enjoyable behaviors, which may include dancing and singing. These activities mainly include the performances that are done to improve the happiness and health of the children. So the children suffering from autism can be benefitted with the activity of dancing and also it is good for their health. Group dancing will also promote their ability to collaborate and interact with others, a lacking feature often found among the children suffering from autism. Conclusion Autism has been recognized as a developmental disorder and approximately 100,000 children are suffering from it. This disease greatly reduces the ability of the child to relate and communicate with others. Under these circumstances, dance can be an effective method to improve the daily life of the children suffering from autism. References Bhatara, A. K., Quintin, E. M., Heaton, P., Fombonne, E., Levitin, D. J. (2009). The effect of music on social attribution in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders.Child Neuropsychology,15(4), 375-396. Chaplin, L. N., Norton, M. I. (2015). Why We Think We Can't Dance: Theory of Mind and Children's Desire to Perform.Child development,86(2), 651-658. Shih, Ching-Hsiang, et al. "Assisting students with autism to actively perform collaborative walking activity with their peers using dance pads combined with preferred environmental stimulation."Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders8.11 (2014): 1591-1596.